Summer Creative Writing Programs You Are to Attend in 2018

Being a student is not really easy because there are many impediments and challenges that are faced only by this category of young people. The main objective is to develop all learning skills in all possible ways. There are no boundaries for the self-perfection. Accordingly, students should never stop. They ought to be on a constant move to improve their skills and enrich knowledge. One of the most effective ways to do that is to choose one of the numerous summer creative writing programs. There are a lot of organizations and educational institutions that suggest students attending special courses that can sustain and improve their writing capabilities. This is a tremendous advantage, which will help them prepare for the future challenges at colleges and universities. In addition, it is a great opportunity to have some rest. Consider the following programs: English Today. This program invites all eager students to Boston for 4- and 6-weeks of studying. The program involves students aged 17 years and older. It is targeted at the improvement of creative writing and will mainly focus on pronunciation, speaking, writing skills in general, the enrichment of vocabulary, and cross-cultural communication; Summer Institute for International Scholars. This is a specific course, which aims at the improvement and development of speaking and writing skills. The speaking aspect will involve work in teams, different types of verbal interactions, etc. When making allowances for the writing aspects, students will receive the ability to enhance the creative aspect. The instructors will work with the students individually, to improve various essential aspects. The program’s duration is six weeks; Summer Creative Arts Course in USA or Canada or UK. It was initiated for the students aged between 14-18 years. The program will include various aspects of writing and other necessities. The creative writing program will teach students how to compose different pieces of writing in the most effective and quickest ways. The course will be helpful for journalists. In addition, students may improve their knowledge in photography, world design, theatre, music, and visual arts; Critical Thinking Course in USA or Canada or UK. The initiators of the program invite students aged from 14 to 18 whose language knowledge is native or near-native. The campers will be taught how to avoid bad arguments and use proper ones when writing. They will also learn deductive and inductive methods, the use of the evidence, which will improve their creative writing. This was a brief survey of popular creative writing programs you can select for the summer period. Visit each website and evaluate the possibilities. It is quite possible that one of the described programs will meet your requirements and will help you improve creative writing skills. Yet, there are many other similar programs and institutions with professional staff and effective programs. Just do your own small research and compare them. Select the one that fits you most in order to reach your academic objectives.

Supporting Early Learning And Development - 973 Words

I believe that supporting early learning and development is my major focus in my exploration. With this said, I still think that two other competency contests will be addressed. Planning and guiding early learning and development, along with creating and maintaining program policies and practices are super beneficial and will be incorporated into my exploration as well. I say this because I believe that you cannot support early learning without being able to plan and guide as well as following the correct protocol and policies. All three of these topics all correlate with one another, therefor; these three topics will all be tackled when exploring my topic. During week three’s assignment about the nutrition competency, I found myself noticing how interested I am in the subject of child nutrition, health and safety. My mindset on these topics before this course was very dull. I simply believed that children needed to have healthy lifestyle, and that that relayed on the parents providing it. When it came to safety, I merely thought that as a teacher this would be a very important aspect of my job. I assumed that supervision was the main way to help keep children safe. However, after week three I was able to notice how much more thought, attention, and caution goes into being a teacher, especially when considering the topics of health, safety and nutrition. My mindset on teaching before this assignment was directed solely on the children, although, once completing the weekShow MoreRelatedUnit 25 Ccld1039 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 25: Modern Beliefs and Religions for The Early Years Practitioner Scheme of Work ------------------------------------------------- Duration of Units: Unit 25:60 Guided Learning Hours/5 Credits ------------------------------------------------- Number of Sessions per week: 2 ------------------------------------------------- Duration of Sessions: 55 minutes per session ------------------------------------------------- General Unit Objectives: ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreThe Role Of Primary Carers On Children1716 Words   |  7 Pages In the ecological system the parents and family are represented by the micro system, they are closest to the child and have the most influence them and their learning potential. (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). 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By sharing emotionsRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essays1052 Words   |  5 Pages EDUCATIONAL THRORISTS Early Childhood Curriculum â€Æ' Contents Introduction 2 Principles and Philosophy 2 Common and Differences 2 Contributions 3 Personal Reflections 4 Bibliography 5 Introduction In this assessment I will be talking about the principles and philosophy of Frobel and Montessori, what they have in common and differences, there contributions to Siolta and my own thoughts in relation to early childhood education and their impact on the learning environment Principles and PhilosophyRead MoreDepartment of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young People’s Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation598 Words   |  3 PagesPromoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation and Professional discussion Assessment Criteria (Unit 13) 1.3 explain how the documented outcomes are assessed and recorded 2.2 engage effectively with children to encourage the child’s participation and involvement in planning their own learning and development activities. 3.2 prepare, set out and support activities and experiences that encourages learning and development in each area of

Impacts of Alcohol Addiction Behaviour†Free Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the Alcohol Addiction. Answer: The selected behaviour of discussion is alcohol addiction. This a behaviour that is observed in many individuals and cuts across various age groups, people of different socioeconomic status, both men and women, different cultures and even races. Alcohol addiction has many negative impacts and few positives if any. As such, it is true to conclude that this is a behaviour that should be reversed to help one live well. This paper shall discuss how to achieve change of the selected behaviour, the pros and cons of changing the behaviour, impact of behaviour change on lifestyle, and a reflection of the change journey. Bagnardi, et al (2015) alcohol addiction can be defined as a chronic condition in which an individuals body and mind becomes dependent on alcohol. There are various reasons why people drink alcohol for their first time. In most cases its usually to deal with a stressful situation or a horrible feeling. Taking alcohol creates the euphoria feeling and the individual momentarily forgets about their stressful situation. Due to the rewarding effect of alcohol, the individual soon results to taking alcohol when in a stressful situation and it gradually develops into a habit. With time, the individual becomes used to alcohol and develops alcohol dependence. The brain has learnt to depend on alcohol to stimulate the reward system. The individual also needs more of the alcohol to achieve the same effect. At the final stage of addiction, the person has an obsessive need to drink and the amounts of alcohol taken become excessive (Jayne and Valentine 2016). Alcohol use has been there since a long time ago. There are different reasons why people consume alcohol. Various communities across the globe also hold different values concerning alcohol use. From the health point of view, alcohol is a drug. Alcohol use is therefore drug abuse and the health professionals highly discourage its use. Its use among the teens is increasing and alarming. Alcohol use has various effects on the user. These effects can be divided in to both long-term and short-term. Short-term effects of alcohol use Mostofsky et al (2016) explains that depending on the amount of alcohol consumed and the physical condition of the person, alcohol use can cause: vomiting, unconsciousness, impaired judgements, headaches, drowsiness, slurred speech, upset stomach and breathing difficulties. Long-term effects of alcohol use Binge drinking, excessive consumption of alcohol, and drinking for a long period of time is associated with some health problems. These health conditions include: liver cirrhosis which is a liver disease, malnutrition mainly as a result of poor meal patterns and dietary intakes, cancer of the throat and the mouth, sexual problems, brain damage, hypertension and related heart condition among others. Vitamin B1 deficiency is also common in individuals who practise regular alcohol consumption. This is because alcohol hinders absorption of vitamin B1. Changing Alcohol Addiction Behaviour. Wise and Koob (2014) argues that overcoming alcohol addiction is not an easy task. Its in fact correct to say that achieving any kind of change is not an easy walk. Developing a habit takes time, and eliminating it also takes some time. At the end of the day, there is hope since any learned behaviour can be unlearned and replaced by a learning a new one. Alcohol addiction can be eliminated and the individual can return to their former selves. The individuals affected need to move from addiction to recovery. This could be viewed as a process. If the reward system is employed, that is, rewarding those positive improvements, the process becomes motivation. This could be argued to be true since behaviours that are rewarded (motivated) are likely to continue and those that are discouraged are likely are likely to cease with time. This is known as positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement respectively (Stahre, M., 2014). The difference between those who succeed to recovery and those that do not can be contributed to motivation. Motivation is therefore a very important factor to consider for change to occur and for an individual to fully recover from addiction. Its true to conclude that the process of change is not easy. As the process begins, motivation for change comes to play. The most widely used model for change, and which is also employed in this work is the stages of change model. Roerecke, and Rehm (2014: 54). The first stage is known as Pre-Contemplation. At this stage, the addicted person may be aware of the cost of addiction. They however view the benefits as being more than the disadvantages. The addict shows little interest in change if any. They exhibit no plan to change. Of course other people view this differently. The second stage is contemplation. People at this stage have become aware of the problems associated with their behaviour. They are however still contemplating on whether change is necessary or not. The person explores the option of changing but is still not confident enough. The stage is also characterized by the desire to change at some unspecified time in future. Between this stage and the third stage, the addicted person comes to a conclusion that the disadvantages of their behaviour are more than the advantages. Based on this they decide to change. Deciding to change is an event and not a process (Sookoian, et al 2014). The third stage is referred to as preparation. At this point, the individual has realised that its worthwhile to change their behaviour and they accept that its their responsibility. They evaluate and select the techniques to be employed to achieve change. The person is motivated to change and expects to achieve change as soon as possible. He/she also makes a plan to guide them through the change process. Fourth is action stage. The individual is self driven to change and takes several initiatives to achieve the change. The person harbours motivation and shows a great deal of interest in achieving the change. Even though the person takes a self initiative, change from outside may be sought. This may include a therapist or a rehab. The person at this stage might be described as showing a great deal of enthusiasm and a great motivation to change (Song, et al 2017). The fifth stage is known as maintenance. People at this stage have learnt and are able to maintain new behaviour with minimal efforts. They have adopted a new set of behaviour and portray self control. They can comfortably contain temptation, relapse is minimal and the behaviour change has been sustained for a period of six months. The change is slowly but surely being integrated into their lifestyle. It can almost be said that its integrated into their daily routine and activities. According to Parsons and Prigatano (2014) the sixth and the final stage are known as termination. The self image of the individual has greatly improved. This is because the individual has successfully integrated the desired change into their behaviour and lifestyle. Temptation is no longer a big deal and even if presented with alcohol they can comfortably have no single temptation. At this stage, the individual enjoys a happier and healthy lifestyle and relapse becomes almost unthinkable. Pros and Cons of Changing Alcohol Addiction Behaviour The Pros Regaining self control. Addiction leads to loss of self-control and makes an individuals body and mind to become dependent on alcohol. As a result, behaviour change helps one regain their self-control and become more rational, happier and make more informed decisions. Prevention of disease conditions such as liver cirrhosis and brain damage. Heavy alcohol use leads to destruction of various body organs which increases the risk of mortality. Changing that behaviour, therefore, can be said to contribute to longevity. It also leads to prevention of liver cancer which is likely to be brought about by excessive consumption of alcohol for an extended period of time. Prevention of nerve damage. Abusing alcohol for an extended period of time leads to a slow and gradual degeneration of nerve cell and ultimately leading to their death. Cessation of alcohol consumption, leads to a termination of this process. This consequently helps the individual enjoy a healthier life and health nerves. It also reduces the risk of developing obesity and therefore related conditions such as hypertension. Alcohol contributes highly to kilocalories and the excess kilocalories are converted to fats and energy. When fat contents are extremely higher than the body needs, overweight and obesity might result. The excess fat is associated with many health conditions such as hypertension and heart disease. Ceasing to consume alcohol therefore offers a great deal of health advantages. Cessation of alcohol consumption also reduces the chances of engaging in risky behaviours such as unprotected sex and causing car accidents. It also leads to more productivity since time formerly used in alcohol consumption will be used for constructive activities. With these advantages of changing alcohol behaviour, its only true to conclude that the change is worth achieving. With the model discussed above this change can be achieved gradually and the individual who makes such a change enjoys an uncountable number of advantages for such an undertaking. Cons of Changing Alcohol Addiction Behaviour There are various reasons why people consume alcohol and to some extent the alcohol meet the expectation of the consumer. Changing the alcohol addiction behaviour means that the advantages accrued from alcohol consumption will no longer be obtained. These advantages that will no longer be experienced include the following: Relieving of mental stress. Consuming alcohol relieves a stressed person by creating a state of euphoria in the individuals brain. This helps the person relax during the stressful situation. Ceasing to consume alcohol will mean that they can no longer achieve this benefit. Alcohol act as sedative agent and helps the users have comfortable sleep. In a person who does not normally have a good sleep, this could be of help. Elimination of this drug (alcohol) from the lifestyle of the individual simply means elimination of this benefit that is accrued from its consumption. Experts also argue that moderate consumption of alcohol could confer the user some health benefits which include: reduction of risk of heart disease, possible reduction in the risk of ischemic stroke (narrowing down of the blood vessels (arteries) that supply the brain with blood.), and a possible reduction in the risk for diabetes. Elimination of alcohol consumption thus simply means that the individual will not enjoy these benefits. Alcohol consumption has also been said to improve appetite. This could be of help to a person with poor appetite. This could also be of great benefit to those who need to gain weight. These advantages are not available in persons who have quit consumption of alcohol. Impact Of Behaviour Change On Lifestyle And Health Jupp and Dalley (2014) alcohol use implicates almost every facet of the addicted persons life. Drinking is viewed as a way to socialise, to come together as friends, enjoying achievements and generally a way of enjoying life. Its seen by many as a way of telling off a long days work and a way of welcoming and spending the weekend before resuming work on Monday. As seen earlier, alcohol consumption has various negative effects which include: Physical illnesses such as dehydration, hangover and vomiting. Psychological impacts which include regret, memory loss and anxiety. Increased likelihood of engaging in dangerous activities such as unsafe sex, accidents and violence. Financial constraints are not left out of the question. Alcohol consumption drains the addicted individuals cash. There are also relationship constrains. It becomes quite difficult for a person who is addicted to relate well with the family members and those around him. As far as the illnesses are concerned, the liver tends to carry the lions share of the implications. The liver is the organ in the human body that detoxifies alcohol. Alcohol is foreign to the body. Once consumed, the body treats the alcohol as a toxin and the body gives its detoxification process a priority. The organ involved in detoxification is primarily the liver. Nearly all the alcohol consumed thus passes through the live as a result conditions such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatic failures can also result and therefore death. These are negative health impacts of alcohol. On the other hand, alcohol use is also known to offer some health benefits. These benefits especially regard to heart health. Its known to reduce the risk of several cardiovascular diseases. It thus improves heart health. These benefits are only accrued from moderate consumption of alcohol. There are also various psychological impacts which include regrets. Regrets come from deeds done in the wrong way which in most cases is as a result of impaired judgement thus impaired decisions. Theres also memory loss. A person who is addicted to alcohol has a hard time recalling what they did or said. This could be very harmful in some situations. Another psychological impact is anxiety. Nestler, (2014) explains that theres also increased likelihood to engage in risky behaviours such as unprotected sex which could mean an STI or disease condition such as HIV/AIDS. They can also engage in risky behaviours such as violence. This could include domestic violence and such implications as detention could result. Another great implication of alcohol use is financial constraints. As alcohol use progresses, more is consumed to achieve the same effect. This is likely to drain an individuals funds and will increase the vulnerability of a person to debts. An individual may also become a great liability to the family and to the society in general. This could mean that a person might be unable to meet both their needs and the needs of the family. It could also mean a low self esteem which is a psychological implication. Relationship impacts are also one of the implications of alcohol. Alcohol use deteriorates the relationship of the alcohol user and family members, workmates, friends and generally those around him/her. In pregnancy, alcoholism could lead delivery of an abnormal baby. Changing alcohol behaviour and ceasing to consume alcohol will mean an improvement in all these areas. Its therefore wise to make a decision to quit drinking. For those who have not started drinking its wise not to start drinking. As seen in the above discussion, deciding to change alcohol addiction behaviour comes with numerous advantages. In conclusion, its true to conclude that alcohol addiction is a behaviour that can successfully be changed. People consume alcohol for various reasons. Through employment of a motivation based model such as the stages of change model, an individual can successfully progress from addiction to complete independence. As seen in this discussion there are various pros and cons of consuming alcohol. The pros are fewer than the cons and its therefore wiser to do without alcohol if possible. Any possible benefit of moderate alcohol consumption is not worth it when compared by the many disadvantages associated with its consumption. There are also several advantages and disadvantages of changing alcohol addiction behaviour. As discussed in this text, the pros are more than the cons which makes changing the behaviour an important decision. As discussed, there also several impacts on the health and lifestyle of the addicted individual. It has been shown that alcohol affects almost every facet of life. Such effects are mainly negative in nature and very few if any advantages. Weekly Progress The weekly progress shall be monitored by recording the indicators for motivation for change once every week. The records will help identify the level of success and adjustments to be made to help achieve desired change. Reflection of the change journey The change journey is gradual and often relapses occur. If change is consistency is maintained and a good monitoring and evaluation done, change will eventually be achieved. Its good to reflect on the change journey and reward the positive behaviours. Any behaviour that achieves a step towards change should be reinforced and this will assist achieve maximum change. Daily Progress The individual develops through the stages outlined above. Each day there is a little improvement in the endeavour to eliminate the addiction. At the end of each day, the progress is checked and the client improves daily. Week 1 The addict shows little interest in change if any. They exhibit no plan to change. Of course, other people view this differently. Week 2 Week 3 At this stage (contemplation), theb addict has become aware of the problems associated with their behaviour. They are however still contemplating on whether change is necessary or no Week 4 Week 5 The individual has realised that its worthwhile to change their behaviour and they accept that its their responsibility. They evaluate and select the techniques to be employed to achieve change. The person is motivated to change and expects to achieve change as soon as possible. He/she also makes a plan to guide them through the change process Week 6 Wek 7 . The individual is self driven to change and takes several initiatives to achieve the change. The person harbours motivation and shows a great deal of interest in achieving the change. Even though the person takes a self initiative, change from outside may be sought. This may include a therapist or a rehab. The person at this stage might be described as showing a great deal of enthusiasm and a great motivation to change Week 8 References Bagnardi, V., Rota, M., Botteri, E., Tramacere, I., Islami, F., Fedirko, V., Scotti, L., Jenab, M., Turati, F., Pasquali, E. and Pelucchi, C., 2015. Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive doseresponse meta-analysis.British journal of cancer,112(3), pp.580-593. Barrett-Connor, E., de Gaetano, G., Djouss, L., Ellison, R.C., Estruch, R., Finkel, H., Goldfinger, T., Keil, U., Lanzmann-Petithory, D., Mattivi, F. and Skovenborg, E., 2016. Comments on Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Mortality.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,77(5), pp.834-836. Cooke, R., Dahdah, M., Norman, P. and French, D.P., 2016. How well does the theory of planned behaviour predict alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology review,10(2), pp.148-167. Everitt, B.J. and Robbins, T.W., 2016. Drug addiction: updating actions to habits to compulsions ten years on.Annual review of psychology,67, pp.23-50. Jayne, M. and Valentine, G., 2016. Alcohol Consumption and Geographies of Childhood and Family Life.Play and Recreation, Health and Wellbeing, p.545. Jupp, B. and Dalley, J.W., 2014. Behavioral endophenotypes of drug addiction: etiological insights from neuroimaging studies.Neuropharmacology,76, pp.487-497. Koob, George F. "Negative reinforcement in drug addiction: the darkness within."Current opinion in neurobiology23, no. 4 (2013): 559-563. Mental, H.S.A.U. and Office of the Surgeon General (US, 2016. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health. Mostofsky, E., Mukamal, K.J., Giovannucci, E.L., Stampfer, M.J. and Rimm, E.B., 2016. Key Findings on Alcohol Consumption and a Variety of Health Outcomes From the Nurses Health Study.American journal of public health,106(9), pp.1586-1591. Nestler, E.J., 2014. Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction.Neuropharmacology,76, pp.259-268. Parsons, O.A. and Prigatano, G.P., 2014. Memory functioning in alcoholics.Birnbaum IM, Parker ES, pp.185-194. Roerecke, M. and Rehm, J., 2014. Alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and ischemic heart disease: a narrative review of meta-analyses and a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of heavy drinking occasions on risk for moderate drinkers.BMC medicine,12(1), p.182. Song, R.J., Nguyen, X.M.T., Quaden, R.M., Ho, Y.L., Justice, A.C., Cho, K., ODonnell, C.J., Concato, J. and Gaziano, J.M., 2017. Abstract P222: Moderate Alcohol Consumption is Associated With a Lower Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: The Million Veteran Program. Sookoian, S., Castao, G.O. and Pirola, C.J., 2014. Modest alcohol consumption decreases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of 43 175 individuals.Gut,63(3), pp.530-532. Stahre, M., 2014. Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States.Preventing chronic disease,11. Stockwell, T., Zhao, J., Panwar, S., Roemer, A., Naimi, T. and Chikritzhs, T., 2016. Do moderate drinkers have reduced mortality risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,77(2), pp.185-198. Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Lennon, L., Papacosta, O. and Shaper, A.G., 2015. Alcohol consumption and risk of incident heart failure in older men: a prospective cohort study.Open heart,2(1), p.e000266. Wise, R.A. and Koob, G.F., 2014. The development and maintenance of drug addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology,39(2), pp.254-262. World Health Organization, 2014.Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. World Health Organization.

Meeting at night free essay sample

The theme of this poem by Robert Browning, †Meeting at Night†, is that to find true love, one will endure tough times before finding the right person. The narrator describes his journey along the beach to arrive at a place where he finds love. The speaker goes through an enchanting adventure and in the end, finds true love like in a Disney movie. Browning’s use of imagery and personification made the poem easy to understand and enjoyable to read. In each stanza, the speaker uses tone and emotion as great poetic devices to express powerful emotion. Robert Browning uses imagery, personification, tone, and emotion in this poem to describe the underlying message in this poem, true love. Robert Browning was born in May 7th, 1812. He was the son of a pianist and a bank clerk. His father, a bank clerk, was also an artist who collected books and pictures. Throughout his childhood Robert practiced music, dancing, and horsemanship. We will write a custom essay sample on Meeting at night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By fourteen, he wrote a volume of Byronic verse, but it was never published. Robert’s finest work called Men and Women was published in 1855. Robert Browning’s accomplishments and his use of diction gave inspiration to many famous poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound. The renowned poet, Robert Browning was also awarded honorary degrees by Oxford University and University of Edinburgh. Also, in 1881, The Browning Society was founded to appreciate the poems of Robert Browning and other Victorian poets (Poets. org). Robert Browning’s poem expresses imagery in a very creative and exciting way. First, the beginning line of this poem explains the setting, the â€Å"grey sea† and â€Å"the black land† in the background (Browning, line 1). A reader can get a visual of a pastoral setting because Browning says, â€Å"Three fields to cross till a farm appears†(Browning, line 8). Browning also says, â€Å"And the yellow half-moon large and low† (Browning, line 2), this further paints a reader’s picture by adding the element of it being at night. Lines three and four are very interesting. The author depicts the image of the waves as well; Browning writes, â€Å"fiery ringlets† (Browning, line 4). This shows how the motion of the waves looked and the way it could curl like fire. In the end of the first stanza, he is on a boat arriving at a cove and pushing ashore. Browning wrote, â€Å"As I gain the cove with pushing prow† (Browning, line 5). The boat soon got to shore pressing against the slushy sand, which is another great piece of imagery showing how he arrived at a new destination. Stanza two has a lot of enjoyable imagery and depicts a new setting of the journey. In the beginning of stanza two, he sets a scene of a beach scented like the sea. It seems like the speaker is now traveling by foot. Browning wrote, â€Å"Three fields to cross till a farm appears† (Browning, line 8). The middle of the poem explains tapping on a window pane and being answered by a match being struck. Browning uses imagery to help readers be aware of the beauties that are unmatched against the beauty of true love. By applying personification into a poem, the reader may have new and animating visual references. Robert Browning does just that. For example, when Browning says, â€Å"waves that leap† (Browning, line 3), he is giving the waves a characteristic of a living thing. Another example of personification is when Browning describes that those waves were â€Å"startled / from their sleep† (Browning, lines 3-4). This is another living characteristic because waves do not sleep and therefore they cannot be startled. Personification adds a very imaginative layer to this poem; Browning was able to use it to his advantage help readers see the captivating pleasures of true love. The tone and emotion of this poem is in a progressing manner that reflects the narrator’s longing to reunite with his lover. The tone of the poem gets more exciting as each line is read until the ending. Browning writes, â€Å"two hearts beating each to each! † (Browning, line 12), which is the very last line of the poem, and it concludes that the two lovers finally get to reunite. Emotion in this poem is very subtle. Browning does not ever say the word â€Å"love† but it is very apparent that â€Å"love† is the theme of this poem by using the right words. â€Å"Meeting at Night† by Robert Browning has a feeling of a fairy tale-like story with an ending of finding love. All of the imagery is great, but the real reason behind it all is finding his true love. Each line of the poem portrays a picture of the setting so it is easy to sense the emotion Browning was trying to display. Browning’s use of personification builds on a very visual image of the poem. It literally brings the words to life. The tone and emotion display an enchanting love story all in a few lines. Utilizing the right words help get the sense of excitement and romance. All in all, Robert Browning uses the perfect arrangement of imagery, personification, tone, and emotion to portray a scenic story of true love.

Cool Science Fair Project Ideas List

Cool Science Fair Project Ideas List Some science fair projects are just more cool than others. Heres a look at some cool science fair project ideas as well as a collection of reader-submitted cool project ideas. Can What You Eat Change Your Eye Color? Some claims have been made that what you eat can ​​change your eye color. You can test this hypothesis yourself. Is ESP Real? Some people claim they can tell who is calling on the telephone before they pick up the phone (and without consulting caller ID). Can they really do it? State a hypothesis and conduct an experiment to test whether your subjects have this form of ESP. Sparking Vegetables Some frozen vegetables have been shown to produce sparks when cooked in the microwave. What types of vegetables produce these sparks? Is spark production dependent on the initial temperature of the vegetables? Does the cooking container play a role in sparking? There is a lot of exploration possible here. Can You Decompose a Disposable Diaper? It is estimated that it will take hundreds or possibly thousands of years for disposable diapers in landfills to decompose. Can you find a way to decompose them? How long does it take a cloth diaper to decompose? Could Your Home Use Wind or Solar Energy? How much wind or sun does it take to use a wind or solar power generation system? How does that compare with the average number of windy or sunny days where you live? Investigate what it would take to start generating and using your own power.

Advice on how to be your own career coach

Advice on how to be your own career coach If you feel frustrated by a lack of progress in your career, you might consider using the services of a professional career coach. A good career coach helps clients take inventory of where they are, work-wise, and where they want to be (and how they want to get there). Many jobseekers find this kind of support invaluable when they are looking to make major professional changes but, especially for people who might be out of work, the cost of a career coach might be prohibitive. Don’t fret. You can be your own career coach, and take steps toward reaching your goals that won’t cost you a dime. We collected advice that will help you set goals and reach for them, with only minimal cost involved. Zero in on your goalsThe first step is to identify where you want to be heading in your career. Perhaps you are making plans for how to take your seat in the C-suite one day. Or, you may be looking to move out of one profession and into another.While different, these two scenarios ha ve one thing in common: planning. Whether you are plotting how you’ll get that big promotion, or are planning a lateral move into another industry, you’ll need to assess which critical skills you possess, and which you’ll need to cultivate to be successful. To ascertain this, you’ll need to study up.Look at LinkedIn; in particular, the profiles of people who have the job you want. What skills and experience do they list that you are lacking? Next, look at job ads for positions that interest you. What are the skills and experience most commonly being listed for those roles? How can you meet those requirements?In some instances, gathering valuable skills is fairly easy; in others, you may need to play the long game and go back to school. In either scenario, knowing what employers are looking for and figuring out how to acquire those skills is critical. Set your goals and a timeline to achieve them.Keep a journalExperts agree that journaling can help jobseek ers stay on track when they’re acting as their own career coach. It can also help you see where you are (on a day-to-day basis with goal achievement) and how much traction you’ve made on your journey. â€Å"Journaling helps create an outlet,† said Executive Therapeutic Life Coach Lisa Pepper-Satkin. â€Å"It also allows you to process through questions you may discover in your job search.†Buy a journal or keep an online diary. Use it daily, weekly, or monthly to keep yourself on track. Without a coach helping you track progress, writing down your thoughts and feelings can be a valuable tool. Not only is your journal the place for writing down your goals, the steps to achieve them, and a timeline for achieving them, but during times of frustration, a journal can help you track how far you’ve come. This can be very helpful when you are tempted to throw in the towel, or, if you have doubts about just how much you’ve achieved.Create accountabili tyCareer coaches have tricks for keeping their clients motivated. But how can you keep yourself inspired? Pepper-Satkin suggests that asking a friend for support can help. Your goals don’t need to be the same as your friend’s goal for this to work – you just both must be dedicated to making a big change. â€Å"Ask a friend to play big,† Pepper-Satkin said. â€Å"Regardless of what you are each working on, this will allow you to share in one another’s visions.†While support is a huge element, it’s really the accountability that will help propel you forward.â€Å"Commit to not buying each other’s excuses,† she said. Set deadlines for yourselves and stick with them. Meet regularly, either in person or by phone to compare notes, check items off your list, and create new action items to be accomplished before your next meeting.Don’t have a friend who is looking to make a big change? Search online for websites that offe r tips on personal growth and professional development, or join an online coaching group, which will be more affordable than a private coach. â€Å"We’ve never seen as many [career coaching] programs online as we currently see. So, it’s easy to have access to affordable coaching in a group online,† Pepper-Satkin said.Give your resume a faceliftAs you learn new skills, gather new experiences, or acquire new education, certification, or licensing, be sure that your resume reflects those achievements. Keeping an up-to-date resume will ensure that you are prepared for any new experiences that might come your way during this process.Plus, since your resume is often your first introduction to a recruiter, looks count. An entry-level resume will look different than an executive resume in many cases, so be sure your document reflects the image you are hoping to convey. Take into account both your industry and your stature within the industry when choosing a resume forma t.To make sure you hit the mark, consider putting a resume builder to use. Builders can provide resumes with both the look and the language needed to convey particular messages to potential employers.Ask for feedbackIf you’re working to hone a new skill, figure out your next career move, or make a major professional change, know that feedback is an utterly critical element. So, how can you get feedback without a career coach? The answer is right at your fingertips, according to Pepper-Satkin.â€Å"Social media can be a valuable,† she said. Ask questions of your professional contacts either online or by arranging informational coffee dates with people whose advice you think will be valuable.â€Å"Take risks with people by asking for honest feedback on what your next steps should be,† she said.When it comes to feedback, asking for it from professionals whose work you admire might help you identify a mentor who could be willing to provide some free coaching.Donâ₠¬â„¢t be afraid to adjust your goalsLife is tricky, and its roads can be windy. This mean that you may find in this process that you are working towards a goal that doesn’t feel quite right. This isn’t a failure; it’s actually part of the beauty of becoming your own career coach. The introspection it demands to set a goal and work towards it is invaluable. You’ll learn both what works for you and what doesn’t work.As you learn more about yourself and become more deliberate about the actions you’re taking, you may find yourself changing course slightly. That’s okay; it’s part of the point of these exercises. The goal is to move towards a role or a profession that feels personally satisfying to you. You may need to change your approach – or your end goal – during the course of your exploration to land in a place that feels right for you.Author Bio:LiveCareer offers assistance to jobseekers at every step of the journ ey. Access free resume templates and resume examples, plus a cover letter builder and advice on how to answer interview questions of all stripes.

Film Analysis C.P. Paper on Daniel Boone Movie Review

Film Analysis C.P. Paper on Daniel Boone - Movie Review Example Since the families in Pennsylvania depended mostly on hunting for food, at age 12 Boone acquired his own rifle and actively engaged in hunting at that point. He hunted both from the local settlers and Lenape village, which belonged to the Indians. Apart from hunting and trapping animals, Boone sold the pelts of the hunted animals in the fur market. Through these activities including exceptional hunting skills, Boone learnt easy routes to the area and to the west, which prepared him as a hunter, explorer, and scout in Kentucky. Similarly, Boone participated in the Braddock’s campaign to seize Fort Duquesne where he served in the military expedition driving a supply wagon (Foreman, 2001). Additionally, he guided the redcoats through the backwoods of Pennsylvania. These activities gave Boone familiarity with the area, which prepared him for the tasks ahead in hunting, exploring, and scouting in Kentucky. In the wilderness, Boone and the long hunters used their hunting skills, as well as taming skills to penetrate the untamed wilderness and establish a pathway. Among the tools they used to clear the pathway was an axe, which the woodsmen used to cut through to create a wide trail resembling a footpath. Another tool that the long hunters had were riffle slung hang over their shoulders as they moved through the wilderness. In the process of taming Kentucky, Boone experienced personal losses, for example, loved ones. Additionally, Boone encountered several tragedies in the hands of native Indians. First, his daughter was kidnapped, but fortunately, he rescued her. Secondly, was short in the ankle by Indians, but he recovered. Thirdly, he was also captured at some point during the struggle by the Shawnee. Finally, Boone did not enjoy living in the land that he so much fought for, as he had to go settle elsewhere where he could find happiness since Kentucky became too overcrowded for him. An example of Boone’s

Contemporary Issues in Information Systems Research Paper

Contemporary Issues in Information Systems - Research Paper Example Additionally, at the present there are numerous CASE tools which can be used by software development teams. These tools offer rigid policy and standards about implementation and design of the systems (Lamb, 2012; VisualCase, 2012). In addition, a number of the advantages offered by CASE and other similar techniques are that, by making the client element of the software development process (for instance by analyzing the marketplace and focus groups); a product is further possible to convene real-world requirements and features. In view of the fact that software development process heavily relies on redesign and testing, hence the price of servicing an application over its lifetime can be reduced considerably. In this scenario, a carefully established technique to development offers assurance for the code and design reuse, minimizing expenditures and improving value. Ultimately, quality software products are likely to develop a company’s image, offering a competitive edge in the market (Rouse, 2005). This report presents a detailed analysis of two major market leaders of CASE tools. Basically, this report presents an analysis of two major applications IBM Rational Software and Oracle Designer. These tools contain wonderful features and provide an excellent support throughout the software development process. This report will present the comparison of these two applications and specification of major features for more enhanced performance management of the application development. In this scenario, this research will assess these two products on the basis of different features and quality parameters. Analysis This report presents a detailed analysis of two leading CASE tool applications by comparing their features and attributes. In this scenario, I will compare and contrast IBM Rational Software and Oracle Designer on the basis of Repository (it demonstrates how the selected tools is using repository), Forward engineering features, Reverse Engineering feat ures and Modeling tool features. I will assess both applications of above stated characteristics to suggest a most excellent application. Repository IBM Rational The IBM Rational Case tools offer information that is able to improve quality of software development groups to function more efficiently and productively. Additionally, IBM Rational Rose permits development teams to uphold, capture and take benefit of software knowledge by means of a repository available to people through a web and Eclipse interfaces as well as to programming through a RESTful web based interface (IBM, 2012). In this scenario, Eclipse plug-in integrated in Rational Developer for System development connects the software developer to local as well as remote RAA repositories. In fact, it as well scans software application source files from local and remote workplace IDE software development projects into a local RAA system repository (IBM, 2012). In addition, the capability to scan symbols in some kind of fil e scanned by the Rational Asset Analyzer representation scanner, including the results into the Rational Asset Analyzer repository and comprising the data and information in the inquiry and analysis services. Moreover, it integrates information from a wide

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Example for Free

Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms Essay Problem: When a team of individuals produce a single output the problem arises on how to contribute the reward so that every individual is equally rewarded. This article examines three different mechanisms to deal with this issue: 1.Markets Markets deals with the control problem through precise measurement and reward of individual contributions. 2.Bureaucrats Bureaucrats rely on a mixture of close evaluation with socialized acceptance of common objectives. 3.Clans Clans rely on a relatively complete socialization process which effectively eliminates goal incongruence between individuals. Introduction: Controls (by Tannenbaum)=sum of interpersonal influence relations in an organization Controls (Ezioni)= control is equivalent to power Controls (Weber)= a problem in creating and monitoring rules through a hierarchical authority system Main questions in article: 1) What are the mechanisms through which an organization can be managed so that it moves towards its objectives? 2) How can the design of these mechanisms be improved, what are the limits of each design? An example: The parts supply division Purchasing department: buys 100.000 items (p.a.) from 3.000 suppliers purchased by 22 employees on 3 management levels. †¢Purchasing officer send out request to 3 manufacturers and adds information on reliability, and the order †¢Supervisor Consults agents if they need help and reminds workers that they are not allowed to accept presents Warehousing operations: 1.400 employees (incl. 150 manager) †¢Pickers and packers (worker) †¢Supervisor (manager) Formal authority (written rules) Informal authority (personality) Three mechanisms: 1.Market mechanism purchasing function Agents and supervisory employ market mechanism: to minimize cost for the company by picking the best price on the markets. In a market prices convey all of the information necessary for efficient decision-making. Frictionless market: Prices represent exactly the value of good or service. Therefore reward can be contributed in direct proportion to contribution of employee! Agents and supervisory are subject to bureaucratic mechanisms: Their work is controlled by a set of bureaucratic surveillance controls (performance evaluation, hierarchical oder-giving) 2.Bureaucratic mechanism warehousing function Warehousing is subject to routines of monitoring and directing. This is done by close personal surveillance and direction of subordinates by superiors, based on a set of rules. Rules vs. price: Rules are arbitrary (beliebige) standards without comparison, based on assigned values of (successful) actions. Prices imply that a comparison has already taken place. Prices are far more efficient means of controlling transactions than are rules. However, the conditions necessary for frictionless prices can rarely be met, and in such conditions the bureaucratic form, despite its inadequacies, is preferred. 3.Informal social / clan mechanism Supervisors can rely on bureaucratic mechanisms but this requires surveillance which is associated with costs. But when the supervisor knows that his workers achieve the right objectives, he can eliminate many of the costly forms of audition and surveillance. Social and informational prerequisites of control The three models can be arranged along two dimensions: 1.Informational requirements =prerequisite to successful operation 2.Social underpinnings = Set of agreements between people, as a bare minimum, is basis for control Type of controlSocial requirementsInformational requirements MarketsNorm of Reciprocity (Wechselwirkung) Prices BureaucracyNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authorityRules ClanNorm of Reciprocity Legitimate authority Shared values, beliefsTraditions The informational prerequisite of control: While a Clan is the most demanding and the Market the least demanding with respect to social underpinnings, the opposite is true when it comes to information. Within large organizations departments tend to develop own jargon in which complex information is easily transported. Each system carries information on how to behave: †¢Explicit system: accounting system easily accessible by newcomer (system is created) †¢Implicit system: is far less complete in its ability to convey information. e.g. US Senate need years to understand flow of information (systems grow up) Companies attempting to control the organization through a price (=market) mechanism use transfer prices to represent prices of internal performances. The advantage should be obtained by using the best prices within the firm. Organizations can also create an explicit set of rules (behavior as well as production and output) that will cover every situation and therefore cut the information problem down by using rules that will cover 90% of all events and depending upon hierarchical authority to settle the remaining 10%. Again legitimate authority is critical to bureaucracy. In a Clan the information is contained in the rituals, stories and ceremonies. So to say the information system does not require a information system, its just there. For example Chinese-American Hui: conducts business as venture capital lender but they also enter risky businesses and even the repayments are left open. Entry is only granted by birthright, a practice that guarantees that every member is part in the same social network and therefore behave to the same rules and principles. While the Market and Clan are both specialized approaches it is the Bureaucratic which is the system that is most flexible. Of course, under certain circumstance both the Market and Clan approach will deliver better results but the Bureaucratic can withstand high rates of turnover, a high degree of heterogeneity and it does not have very demanding informational needs. Designing Control Mechanisms: Costs and Benefits Two ways of effective people control: 1. Find people that fit needs exactely 2. find people that dont fit exactly but use a managerial system to instruct, monitor and evaluate them Best approach depends on costs. Ad 1. is associated with costs and search and acquisitions but their skills will help to reduce costs in the long-run. Ad 2. includes trainings costs and a the costs for the supervisory system but reduces high turnover. Search and select ‘clan-type’ people: Cost of Search and Acquisition: High Wages Benefit: Perform tasks without instruction, work hard Instruct people into the ‘clan’ system: Cost of training: instruct, monitor, and evaluate unskilled workers (who are likely to be indifferent to learn organization skills and values). High rates of turnover. Costs of monitoring: developing rules, supervising. Benefit: heterogeneous system of people that can be controlled. Explicit rules (codified knowledge) offset turnover costs. Loose coupling and The Clan as a Form of Control New view with impact on designing control mechanisms. The ability to measure either output or behavior which is relevant to the desired performance is critical to the rational application of market or bureaucratic forms of control. Knowledge of transformation process: Tin Can plant: If we understand the technology (e.g. production process and what it takes for a successful production) perfectly, we can achieve effective control by setting rules that lead to behavior and processes that lead to our desired transformation steps. Thus, we can create an effective bureaucratic control mechanism. Womens boutique: On the other hand, if we dont understand what is needed (e.g. control system for womens boutique) to be a successful buyer or merchandiser, we cant create rules. But we can measure output (turnover per buyer, salex volumes,). So we can use the output control mechanism to monitor various indicators and set actions accordingly. Apollo Program: Each step of the transformation (assembling) is crystal clear and we have a output measure (it comes back or not). Thus we have the choice and the lower cost alternative will be preferred: clearly as the cost of failure would be prohibitive (untragbar) and more elaborate behavior control system will be installed. Reseach Lab: We have the ability to define the rules of behavior and we can measure the output which will be some 10 years in the future. Certainly a strong output control system will be used but effectively this cannot guarantee success so neither behavior nor output measurement will be sufficient, leaving us with no rational form of control. Therefore such organizations rely on ritualized, ceremonial forms of controls. This approach only works with the recruitment of a selected few individuals, with the same schooling and professionalization process. Another organizations using this form: Hospitals, Investement banks, Whereas output and behavior control can be implemented through a market or bureaucracy, ceremonial forms of control can be implemented through a clan. Closing observations Depending on the organization and its requirements it has to be choosen which control systems works best. E.g.: manufacturing: behavior and output control vs. service org.: cultural or clan controls. Nevertheless every control system is directed at achieving cooperation by: †¢Market mechanism: each persons contribution is evaluated; combined with a personal loss of reward †¢Clan mechanism: attain cooperation by selecting and sozialising individuals such that their objectives overlap with the organizations objectives †¢Bureaucratic mechanism: does a little of each, partly evaluates performance and partly engenders feelings of commitment to the idea of legitimate authority in hierarchies Two main questions: 1. Clarity with which the performance can be assessed 2. Degree of goal incongruence (either trust each other or control each other)

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- My Philosophy o

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy It is often said that the first impression you make on someone is the most important. It can never happen again and usually is not forgotten. I believe this is true for education also. Kindergarten or preschool is a child's first impression of school. Whether that impression is a good or bad one it will affect the child through the rest of their schooling. I was fortunate to have a great first impression of school which helped me to decide to become a teacher. There are many reasons why I have chosen Elementary Education as my major. The biggest reason is not only because I have always had a love for children but also for learning. Ever since I was a little girl, I would sit in my bedroom and play school. I had my own chalk board and I would teach to an imaginary class. I was continuously trying to learn new things and am still doing that to this day. The vision that I have for my classroom is like most of the classes I was in when I was in elementary school. They were very colorful, full of books and art projects, and made you feel like you were at home. I will arrange the seats in clusters, in which two students will set beside each other and then they will face two other students. I believe that this is a less intimidating arrangement and allows the students to gain social skills The bulletin boards will have every students art work or projects hanging up. The room will be decorated according to what time of year it is. My supplemental materials will include extra books for the children to read, craft supplies, and anything else that I can find that will make learning more enjoyable for the students. The projects that I will do will explore different cogni... ... we have, education has to be reformed. During reform initiatives as a teacher you need to decide if you want to take an active role. I feel that education is a very crucial part of every child. Every child deserves the right to have an equal education no matter what their race, sex, or socioeconomic situation. Education is very important in my life. I plan to continue to challenge myself and my education even after college. I have been very fortunate in my life. I was lucky to have some wonderful teachers who influenced and encouraged me to be whatever I wanted to be. I hope that I can be as important to mystudents as those teachers were to me. I believe that it is important to know my students and to know their learning abilities. I want all of my students to know that you learn something from every experience and that failure isn't failure if a lesson is learned.

Alcohol Abuse Essay

Alcohol abuse is perhaps one of the biggest problems in the United States today. It is not only a personal problem that dramatically affects an individual’s lives, but moreover those that surround such a life. In the essay â€Å"Under the Influence† by Scott Russel Sanders, he expresses his emotions through a poem. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. â€Å"The whiskey on his breath could make a small boy dizzy; but hung on like death; such waltzing was not easy.† (258). This poem is one of many effective devices that Sanders uses to clearly and decisively convey to us the readers of how profound the effects of alcoholism are. Sanders reflects back to his childhood and explains his complex relationship with his alcoholic father and the after effects now that he is a grown up. One of Sanders memorable comments in his essay is when he states his father â€Å" He would not hide the green bottles in his tool box, would not sneak off to the barn with a lump under his coat, would not fall asleep in the daylight, would not roar and fume, would not drink himself to death, if only I were perfect† (255). What a strong point of view in a little boys mind; to think, â€Å"if only I were perfect† his father would not drink! Sanders tell us how our children experience the burden, of the effects of alcoholism. Sanders said, â€Å"Father ‘s drinking became the family secret. While growing up, we children never breathed a word of it beyond the four walls of our house† â€Å"I asked my mother if she ever spoke of his drinking to friends. ‘No, no, never’ she replied hastily. ‘I couldn’t bear for anyone to know’†(257). It must be very difficult for a family and, especially for a child not to be able to communicate their suffering to others. Sanders as a chills wasn’t able to be honest; he was force to live a lie. Another comment from Sanders was, â€Å" I hated also the Gallo brothers, Ernest and Julio, whose jovial faces shone from the labels of their wine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †I meant to go out there and tell Ernest and Julio what they were doing to my father, and then, if they showed no mercy. I would kill them† (259) Sanders contrast the jovial faces on the wine label to the reality of his father’s fuming. character. Sanders closes with, â€Å"I still do- once a week, perhaps, a glass of wine, a can of beer, nothing stronger, nothing more. I listen for the turning of a key in my brain† (266). Sanders is comparing his drinking to his father’s drinking as an alcoholic. Unlike his father, Sanders is not an alcoholic and has the ability to control his drinking. Work Cited Sanders, Scott Russel. â€Å"Under the Influence† Fifty Great Essays Editor. Robert Diyanni. Pearson. 2011 Pages 258, 255, 257, 259.

New Hire Communication Essay

†¢Planning ? Define the purpose. To communicate the company culture, process, procedures, and general information for a new hire. ?Define the audience. New Hires. ?Identify the channel(s) of communication and why you selected that channel. The channel of communication that I selected for the new hire communication is email. I chose to send the new hire communication by email because it is instantly sent to the new hire at no cost to the company. †¢Writing ? Create the message. Welcome to Dutch Bros Coffee,Congratulations on your new position with Dutch Bros. We are truly pleased that you have chosen us as your employer. Since being founded in 1992, our goal remains to ensure that our customers are always satisfied with their beverage purchases. Here at Dutch Bros. , we believe in lovin’ life and keeping it positive. We strive to pass the good vibes on to our employees and customers. At Dutch Bros. We serve up a variety of beverages that can be infused with a number of different flavors. This fast paced work environment requires staff to work side by side as a team to successfully keep the line moving and the coffee and drinks flowing. Again, I want to welcome you to the Dutch family. We are truly pleased NEW HIRE COMMUNICATION 3 that you have accepted this opportunity to serve up a cup of sunshine to the wonderful citizens of Phoenix, AZ †¢Completing ? Proofread, revise, and submit. Welcome to Dutch Bros Coffee, Congratulations on your new position with Dutch Bros. We are truly pleased that you have chosen us as your employer. Since being founded in 1992, our goal remains to ensure that our customers are always satisfied with their beverage purchases. At Dutch Bros. We serve up a variety of beverages that can be infused with a number of different flavors. This fast paced work environment requires staff to work side by side as a team to successfully keep the line moving and the coffee and drinks flowing. We strive to pass the good vibes on to our employees and customers. Here at Dutch Bros. , we believe in lovin’ life and keeping it positive. We expect our employees to arrive on time at work in clean casual clothes and a positive work attitude. Again, I want to welcome you to the Dutch family. We are truly pleased that you have accepted this opportunity to serve up a cup of sunshine to the wonderful citizens of Phoenix, AZ Kelli Woodruff NEW HIRE COMMUNICATION 4 References Dutch Bros Coffee. (1992-2014). Retrieved from http://dutchbros. com/AboutUs/.

Free Essays on Gandi

The four yoga’s of Hinduism are Karma, Bhakti, Raja and Jnana the one that I think best describes Mahatma Gandhi is Raja yoga. Raja yoga fits into all classes of the four yoga’s with or without any belief, and it is the real instrument of religious inquiry. Raja Yoga is one of many paths of self-discovery and self-mastery. Mahatma Gandhi, who followed the precepts of Raja Yoga, was especially dedicated to the path of nonviolence. Although many mistake this path as a passive state of submission and cite it to justify inaction born of fear, is an active state that is an alternative to both fight and standing firm when confronted with injustice. Neither attacking nor retreating, Gandhi stood firm against one of the greatest forces of the time, the British Empire. But Gandhi's real struggle for power was fought less in the political world than the fight for finding himself. Gandhi learned to act not out of fear or anger, but from love and compassion and that changed the world. I will prove this theory through relationships between the movie and Raja yoga. "An eye for an eye makes everybody blind" summarizes Gandhi’s view of violence. That statement is one of the greatest things ever said, and was borrowed by other world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. Gandhi did not believe in violence as a technique of achieving his goal of an independent India. He preached non-violent non-cooperation. Gandhi considered non-violent non-cooperation as requiring more courage and dedication then violence. By the word non-violence Gandhi did not mean mere ignorance of the injustices that came upon his people, he supported active no cooperation, organizing non-violent marches and other events to protest the unfairness of the British occupation of India. In the salt marches, Gandhi protested the British monopoly on salt and the salt tax Indians had to pay. He tried to provoke a violent response from the British government. Suc... Free Essays on Gandi Free Essays on Gandi The four yoga’s of Hinduism are Karma, Bhakti, Raja and Jnana the one that I think best describes Mahatma Gandhi is Raja yoga. Raja yoga fits into all classes of the four yoga’s with or without any belief, and it is the real instrument of religious inquiry. Raja Yoga is one of many paths of self-discovery and self-mastery. Mahatma Gandhi, who followed the precepts of Raja Yoga, was especially dedicated to the path of nonviolence. Although many mistake this path as a passive state of submission and cite it to justify inaction born of fear, is an active state that is an alternative to both fight and standing firm when confronted with injustice. Neither attacking nor retreating, Gandhi stood firm against one of the greatest forces of the time, the British Empire. But Gandhi's real struggle for power was fought less in the political world than the fight for finding himself. Gandhi learned to act not out of fear or anger, but from love and compassion and that changed the world. I will prove this theory through relationships between the movie and Raja yoga. "An eye for an eye makes everybody blind" summarizes Gandhi’s view of violence. That statement is one of the greatest things ever said, and was borrowed by other world leaders including Martin Luther King Jr. Gandhi did not believe in violence as a technique of achieving his goal of an independent India. He preached non-violent non-cooperation. Gandhi considered non-violent non-cooperation as requiring more courage and dedication then violence. By the word non-violence Gandhi did not mean mere ignorance of the injustices that came upon his people, he supported active no cooperation, organizing non-violent marches and other events to protest the unfairness of the British occupation of India. In the salt marches, Gandhi protested the British monopoly on salt and the salt tax Indians had to pay. He tried to provoke a violent response from the British government. Suc...

Defining General Education

Defining General Education General Education is the program of education that typically developing children should receive, based on state standards and evaluated by the annual state educational standards test. It is the preferred way of describing its synonym, regular education. It is preferred because the term regular connotes that children receiving special education services are somehow irregular. General Education is now the default position since the passage of the reauthorization of IDEA, now called IDEIA (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act.) All children should spend a significant amount of time in a general education classroom, unless it is in the best interest of the child, or because the child is a danger to him/herself or others. The amount of time a child spends in the general education program is part of his or her Placement. Once again, General Education is the curriculum designed for all children which is meant to meet state standards, or if adopted, the Common Core State Standards. The General Education program is also the program which the states annual test, required by NCLB (No Child Left Behind,) is designed to evaluate.   IEPs and Regular Education ​In order to provide FAPE for special education students, IEP goals should be aligned with the Common Core State Standards. In other words, they should show that a student is being taught to the standards. In some cases, with children whose disabilities are severe, IEPs will reflect a more functional program, which will be very loosely aligned with the Common Core State Standards, rather than directly linked to specific grade level standards. These students are most often in self-contained programs. They are also the most likely to be part of the three percent of students allowed to take an alternate test. Unless students are in the most restrictive environments, they will spend some time in the regular education environment. Often, children in self-contained  programs will participate in specials such as physical education, art, and music with students in the regular or general education programs. When assessing the amount of time spent in regular education (part of the IEP report) time spent with typical students in the lunchroom and on the playground for recess is also credited as time in the general education environment.   Testing Until more states eliminate testing, participation in high stakes state tests aligned to the standards is required of special education students. This is meant to reflect how the student performs alongside their regular education peers. States are also permitted to require that students with severe disabilities are offered an alternate assessment, which should address the state standards. These are required by Federal Law, in the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary education act) and in IDEIA. Only 1 percent of all students are allowed to take an alternate test, and this should represent 3 percent of all students receiving special education services.

Analyzing a Budget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing a Budget - Essay Example In addition, the expenditures are clearly indicated as well as the source of income or revenues. Fortunately, the expenditures have been included in the budget. The budget clearly includes expenditures in. This is clearly seen for example the expenditures seen are salaries and wages, janitorial supplies, legal advertising among others. Still concerning expenditure, the budget has clear tracking of expenditure. It clearly shows the amount of cash and for what purpose it will be used. This has helped greatly to prevent loss of cash from managing officials. Like in this case it clearly shows the amount of cash slotted for wages and salaries, legal advertisements among many others. Another strength of the budget is that it has included the revenue collection of income. A good budget includes the sources of revenues in it (Arthur 2003). However, this might not be so evident in other types of budgets. In this type of budget, source of revenue has been included which can be seen as state appropriation, county appropriation, patient fees, insurance and Medicaid. The budget has also included the actual revenue receipts. A good budget should have evidence of the actual receipts of the expected revenue or the already collected revenue (Sullivan 2003). This as a greater percentage will help reduce the loss of funds in a particular company or country. However, despite all the strengths of the budget, it has several weaknesses. To begin with, there is no summary of the budget. A good budget should have a summary of the incomes, average receipts, total costs, net drawings from revenues, total income, total outgoings or even if available the money for creditors in any case the company or country or family had Higher than the actual receipts obtained from the previous revenue collection. The budget has no item showing savings. A good budget should have a line item showing savings from

Credo essay Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Credo essay - Coursework Example Although we might not always be able be in a position to see the foundations of grand skyscrapers, we know that there has to be one because without it, the tall skyscraper would collapse when faced with the smallest gust of wind. For me, my family is essentially this foundation, it is my biggest supporter when I need to be encouraged and assured, and it is where I run to when things do not work out and I feel insecure. Family is of great importance and has an influence on the individuals we turn out to be, we cannot hide our true feelings from our families as they can always see right through us. My family has been instrumental in teaching me how to relate and interact with others. From my family, I have managed to gain a number of strong role models, ranging from my father who is always strong in the face of any calamity and never runs away from bravely confronting any challenges in life, to my grandmother whose special brand of affection is truly one of life’s greatest treas ures, my small sister whose openness and vivacity is quite infectious to my mother endless love that we constantly draw upon. There is nothing as good as the joy that is shared all round when a family sits down to enjoy each other’s company and laugh together. At times families do tend to experience difficulties that cause them to close ranks and cry, but this is ultimately overshadowed by the certain morning that is sure to eventually breakout as the family overcomes the challenges in their paths and are able to once again able to enjoy the joy of sunshine after a dark moment and laugh together. My family comforts and helps me to deal with life’s challenges; whether it is something as relatively small as not finding a favorite pair of shoes to wear when I want to go out, or something as monumental as the cold touch of death. I go through life with the quite assurance that in the face of calamities and challenging situations, I can always look up to my family for support and

Points To Consider Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Points To Consider - Article Example This is evident how Finn decided not to push through with his original plan because his inmost being is telling him the other things to do which have the basic foundation on his core values. Societies and organizations have varying values which could be influenced by culture. These values are also their guiding principles on how they act in the attainment of their organizational goals. Twain successfully depicts this point in his novel. What alternatives does Huck explore in making the decision? First, Huck tries to weigh everything and put it to a substantial logical reasoning. He sets enough time to ponder on probable consequences of his future actions. In the same way, decision-makers act in the same path because decisions are crucial as they could lead someone or a group to consequences and other related results. Second, Huck organizes the facts as he recalls past actions. He evaluates past actions together with the prevailing conditions and he finally is able to come up with a d ecision that he needs to consider. How does he evaluate each alternative? By considering the probable implications of his actions, Huck in his own little way successfully evaluates each of his alternative course of actions. In today’s contemporary time, decision-makers assess the degree of significance of an alternative by trying to consider the associated strength and weaknesses. In the case of Huck, he all has the effort of initiating an assesment of an implication whether it could bring an advantage outcome or not. He successfully creates this by looking at the entire perspective on the prevailing life of his friend, Jim. Why does he reverse his original decision? After he passes on the issue that he needs to consider, Huck evantually sees the entire perspective. This becomes possible because he gives considerable amount of time considering his probable decisions. He changes his original decision because he acquires the opportunity to see the right perspective based on his conscience and awareness on the entire issue involved. In the same way, in real-life application, we tend to change our original decision if it would come to our senses that there is other better point of view. Points to Consider Can you think of contemporary situations analogous to the one described in this essay where a leader feels compelled to make a decision based on what others will think of him or her? This is evident among politicians, especially in democratic nations where there is a need to elect an officer to be chosen by the masses. The candidates just like in the US will be given an opportunity to make their own stand on a given issue or situation. In some cases, some politicians would eventually consider the prevailing trend, especially the opinion of the massess to increase their chance of acceptance and approval. The bottom line, they at some point are compelled to make a decision based on what others will think of them. Obama’s stand on same-sex maarriage is sue could at some point be a specific example. How can a leader overcome the pressure to make a decision that he or she knows is not the best decision? Leadership is about influencing others and most especially creating followers and not only mere subordinates. Leaders should therefore create a culture that is flexible to change so that when there is a need to

Relationship Between Customer Perception and Branding

Relationship Between Customer Perception and Branding ABSTRACT: Purpose: This paper will try to establish a relationship between the perception build within the users through the process of the branding irrespective of the core use ability, and thus trying to prove the importance of branding which has become the modern tool for doing the business METHODOLOGY The basic questionnaire was designed and were distributed to the users who spend atleast the minimum amount on the above three product, the target of 70 was set order to get rid of the errors like miscommunication, unfilled sets etc and thus of 70, 38 did answer the questionnaire properly which were further tabulated and concluded FINDINGS What I was expecting that Neurofen would appear as a most effective in its class of product but, rather Anadin leads in term of effectiveness but still the sales figure shows that Neurofen is market leader. So this might be the sheer effect of the branding which Neurofen has adopted, thus despite a little bit weak in its performance as per the survey its branding is excellent far better than other two products. LIMITATION Due to the limitation of the time the primary research was conducted on time scale of around 17 days, so I was able to cover 38 users which is more than half as compared to the 70 which were targeted. Executive summary: Well the basic aim of the dissertation is to show how the perception is built among the users for a particular brand irrespective of the effectiveness. Thus also I will try to explain the UK market for the over the counter products and try to analyze the top three brands, where I will be dealing with process of branding in respect to these three brand The dissertation initially will deal with general introduction where we will be able to understand the what is the over the counter products are, who are brands that leads the market, then I will be dealing with each brand with brief description of their portfolio, this will certainly give the clearer picture of the brands in whole. Followed by this I will give the brief description of the primary research where in I will investigate the effectiveness of the brand irrespective of the brand position and we expect Neurofen to be the most effective as per the market position, and thus relating the findings to the process of the branding and ultimately to the sales figure In order to make the data understanding more easy there has been use of graphs and the few of the pie chart which gives the more precise picture of the situation. Thus dissertation will end up with few of the interesting figures their analysis vs. the actual scenario GENERAL INTRODUCTION: Until 1960s and 1970s, painkillers were kept in a glass bottle in the bathroom medicine cabinet. When you had a headache, you would wait until you got home and then open the dusty bottle and shake out two pills: round, powdery discs with bevelled edges and a bisect line a groove cut into the pill so that you could snap it in half for a reduced dose. Youd swallow the pills, either aspirin or Paracetamol, with a glass of water. They felt uncomfortably large in the throat and had a bitter taste. The bottle, which contained 50 pills, hung around for months, even years. Now, when we feel a headache coming on, we pat our pockets to see if we have any painkillers with us. The time between pain and treatment has shrunk to almost nothing. These days, the pills do not come in bottles, but in blister-packs in bright, shiny boxes. When I leave the house, I sometimes run through a checklist keys, wallet, phone painkillers. The packets, some of which are plastic and shaped like mobile phones, are cheerful and glossy; elegant enough to put on a table in a restaurant, they look like lifestyle accessories. You take them with you when you leave the house, partly for convenience and partly because you know that, if you leave them lying around, someone else will pocket them. Painkillers are no longer hard to swallow; the pills have smooth edges, and some have a glossy coating of hard sugar, like Smarties or MMs. Some of them are mint- or lemon-flavored. If your throat objects to tablets, you can take caplets, which are longer and thinner, or â€Å"liquid capsules†, which are soft and gelatinous, like vitamin pills, or powder, which is poured from a sachet into a glass of water. You could conceivably take a painkiller while you were out jogging, or running for the bus. Painkillers are also more widely available than they used to be. We have been able to buy aspirin and paracetamol over the counter for some time now, but in 1996 restrictions on the sale of ibuprofen the newest, raciest painkiller were relaxed, making it available in supermarkets, newsagents and corner shops, as well as from the pharmacist. This was part of an NHS drive to save money by taking pressure off doctors and pharmacists; during my stay in London, we have been taught to be self-medicating when it comes to pain. The change came about after Galpharm, a British pharmaceutical company, made a successful application to the Medicines Control Agency for a license to have ibuprofen moved from the pharmacy to the â€Å"general sales list†. After that, painkiller advertising, marketing and packaging moved into a different league. Inevitably, we are also spending more on painkillers than ever. Id buy them as a matter of course, with my groceries. We now a days found wanting to buy smart painkillers, in the same way that I might buy smart jeans or decent coffee. For me, and for many people I spoke to(co-employee), the temptation is to catch headaches early, nip them in the bud. We have become enthusiastic self-medicators. In 1997, according to the market research firm Euro monitor, the British painkiller market was worth  £309m. In 2001, it was worth  £398m. In other words, it grew by almost 30% in just four years, probably the biggest hike since the German company Bayer opened the first US aspirin factory in 1903. Euro monitor predicts more growth: by 2006, it estimates that the market will be worth  £483m, and by now it has already crossed  £600 figure. Recently, I found myself in someones (college friend) house with a slight headache. No problem, he said. He had stocked up on painkillers he thought he had four packets, a total of 48 pills. But he couldnt find them; the packets had all gone. Three people (room mates working in Mac Donald) were living in the house. â€Å"I just bought them a couple of days ago,† he said. This is what makes me more querious that how this tiny stuff has entrenched in our lives. As per my finding from the local corner shops An ordinary shop, you can buy three basic types of painkiller The one which contains aspirin, which has been around for a century; or either has paracetamol, which emerged as a popular alternative after the war; and from past couple of decades they contain basically ibuprofen, which was invented in the early 1960s and has been a pharmacy medicine since 1983. Ibuprofen is slightly gentler on our stomach than aspirin, but it does not thin our blood to the same extent. Aspirin and ibuprofen reduce pain, fever and inflammation, while paracetamol reduces only pain and fever. Paracetamol is gentle on the stomach, but can damage the liver if you take too many. Paracetamol is also the suicide drug; you can die a painful death by knocking back as few as 25. (For this reason, the government has taken steps to reduce packet sizes; since 1998, you have been able to buy packets of no more than 16 in supermarkets, or 32 in pharmacies though there is nothing to stop you from going to more than one shop. The multibillion-dollar paracetamol industry in the US has thus far resisted all attempts by the Food and Drug Administration to reduce packet size.) Aspirin and ibuprofen are potentially less harmful: most people would survive a cry-for-help dose of around 50 aspirins, or even 100 ibuprofen tablets. When it comes to headaches, ibuprofen is my drug of choice. (Im not alone: according to Euromonitor, ibuprofen now has 31% of the market, and is growing exponentially. Aspirin has a 7% share, and paracetamol 13%; the rest of the market is made up of combination painkillers.) I also, I have noticed, have strong brand loyalty. When I go to the supermarket, my eye is drawn to the row of shiny silver packs with a chevron and a target design Nurofen. Nurofen claims to be â€Å"targeted pain relief†. I am highly influenced by the advert of the car racing and the way the tablet they have shown as bullet acting on the pain. Targeting a headache costs me around 20p a shot. On one level, I am aware that the active ingredient in a single Nurofen tablet, 200mg of ibuprofen, is exactly the same as that in a single Anadin ibuprofen tablet, or an Anadin Ultra, a Hedex ibuprofen, a Cuprofen or, for that matter, a generic own-brand ibuprofen tablet from Safeway, Sainsburys or Tesco. On another level, Nurofens targeting promise appeals to me. It feels hi-tech(Remember about car advert), almost environmentally sound. It makes me think of stealth bombers dropping smart bombs down the chimney of the building they want to destroy, with minimum collateral damage. Are our headaches getting worse, or do we just think they are? I went to see DrVajpayee My GP, a consultant in pain management, in his office at Brigstock medical service in Thornton heath, to find out what he thought. Dr Vajpayee offers his service through NHS Dr Vajpayee believes that our society tolerates less pain than ever before. Modern life requires you to be pain-free; there just isnt time to lie around waiting for a headache to go. Young people are more impatient than older people; when they feel pain, they want something done about it, immediately. Generally speaking, the younger the consumer, the stronger the painkiller they are marketed: Anadin Original is pitched at people over 45, Anadin Extra at people between 25 and 55, and Anadin Ultra at people between 19 and 32. Of course, there is a limit to this sliding scale: Nurofen for Children (six months and over) contains 100mg of Nurofen, half the adult dose. Is any of this surprising? We live in an age of quick fixes. These days, we expect everything to get faster cars, lifts, food. When we suffer psychological distress, we take Prozac and Seroxat. More people are having their wisdom teeth extracted under general anesthetic. Caesarean section is on the increase. Half a century of the NHS has softened us up, and the sheer success of modern medicine has made pain something of an anomaly. We work out, we take vitamins: we cant really be doing with headaches. We see pain not as a symptom an alarm system to warn us of illness but more as an illness in itself. When the alarm comes on, we just want it turned off. Look at the ads on TV, and on buses and trains in any major city: painkillers will get you back to work, help you keep your job, deal with the kids; with painkillers, you can cope. I had a slight hangover the day I visited Vajpayee, which seemed to be getting worse. Id nearly missed my train, and found myself repeatedly clenching my jaw in the taxi. Id planned to buy some Nurofen before I got on the train, but had run out of time. Dr Vajpayee explained the anatomy of my headache. The alcohol We drink does dehydrates the inside of our skull. Consequently, the Dura, the Cellophane-like membrane that encases our brain, has no longer fully supported. Cells inside our skull were gets traumatized, and had responds by releasing tiny amounts of Arachidonic acid; this acid, having seeped out by our cell after we drink ,later this acid turns into a set of chemical compounds called prostaglandins. And these prostaglandins hurt us; they tell nerve endings in our head to tell our brain that my cells were traumatized. Our brain, in turn, does try to get our attention, and succeeds. And this process of our brain to communicate that there is some defect in our system the process is called pain. It felt as if something inside my head was being gently pulled away from my skull, which it was. When you take aspirin, or paracetamol, or ibuprofen, the drug works by deactivating a chemical called prostaglandin H synthetase, the catalyst that turns Arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. So even though your cells are still traumatized, your brain is no longer aware of the trauma. Your brain is being fooled. This process was discovered in aspirin in the 1970s by John Vane, a scientist working at the Welcome Foundation, who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1982. (Aspirin was first synthesized in Germany in 1899, and so had been on the market for more than 70 years before anybody knew how it worked.) â€Å"Pain,† said Vajpayee, â€Å"is what the patient says it is.† All sorts of things can make you feel headachey, including muscle contractions on the scalp or the back of the neck, dehydration from drinking too much alcohol or caffeine, staring at your computer screen for too long, looking at bright lights, colds and flu, grinding your teeth, anxiety at the prospect of getting a headache. Sometimes, prostaglandins are produced when there is no apparent trauma. You might feel pain because something has subtly altered the balance of your brain chemistry, or simply because your mood has changed; you might be producing an uneven amount of serotonin or dopamine. You might, most worryingly, have a headache because you take too many painkillers, a condition known as â€Å"medication overuse headache†. A study published in the British Medical Journal last October found that â€Å"daily or near-daily headache is at epidemic levels, affecting up to 5% of some populations, and chronic overuse of headache drugs may account for half of this phenomenon†. Low doses daily appeared to carry greater risks than larger doses weekly. Of course, most pharmaceutical research is sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, which are understandably reluctant to explore the negatives. But what research there is suggests that analgesics, when used frequently, chronically reduce levels of serotonin, and increase levels of pain-signalling molecules. Earlier this year, the New York Times reported that a German study had found that even a two-week course of Tylenol (an American brand of paracetamol) â€Å"causes a drop in serotonin-receptor density in rat brains†, an effect that is reversed when the rats are taken off the painkillers. If you keep fooling your brain into not feeling pain, your body will eventually fight back and make you feel more pain. And then youll want more painkillers; its a vicious circle. Imagine this as a business proposition. You buy a cardboard tub of fluffy white powder for around  £100. Then you turn the powder into a quarter of a million pills, which you sell at 10p per pill. Every cardboard tub you buy makes you a profit of  £24,900. The powder is pure ibuprofen. The pills are painkillers. The company is Boots, which owns a subsidiary called Crookes Healthcare, which manufactures Nurofen. Sounds good, doesnt it? Of course, there are overheads you have to invent the drug, spend years on expensive clinical trials, build a factory, and hire people to make the pills, tell the public about the pills, and design the packs so they look attractive on the shelves. From the store manager of East Croydon boots pharmacy and article from Google, Boots corporate responsibility. â€Å"It takes 10 years and  £200m to get a new drug accepted,† said Dr Jagdish Acharya, a senior medical adviser to Boots(From the store manager of East Croydon.) Boots head office, and the factory that makes many of its painkillers, are on a campus that lies a few miles outside Nottingham. Every day, trucks full of raw ingredients arrive at one end of the factory, and trucks leave the other end with the finished product tens of thousands of cardboard packs, destined for 90 countries. This is D-95, one of the biggest painkiller factories in Britain, working 24 hours a day. If youve ever popped a Nurofen tablet, or a Nurofen tablet, or a Nurofen Plus, or a Nurofen liquid capsule, or a Boots own-brand generic ibuprofen tablet (the active ingredient is the same), or a Boots own-brand aspirin or Paracetamol tablet, the pill you swallowed will have been made here. â€Å"Six hundred people work here,† as per Catherine McGrath, who is working there as â€Å"shift manager, analgesics†. She explained that the factory works seasonally, making cold remedies in the autumn to meet winter demand, and hay fever remedies in the spring. Headaches are a year-round phenomenon. â€Å"Theres a constant demand for painkillers,† McGrath Before the fluffy white powder becomes a hard, glossy pill, it must go through many different stages. First, it is mixed with â€Å"excipients†, ingredients that have no painkilling role. Each Nurofen pill, for instance, contains 200mg of ibuprofen, but also maize starch, sucrose, calcium Sulphate, Stearic acid and shellac. These things hold it together, bulk it out, make it taste nice and help it disintegrate when it reaches the stomach. The factory is large and sterile, like a setting in a JG Ballard novel big, barn-like spaces, dull, neutral colours, large rooms full of vats. The thing that gets you is the scale. This is about making millions and millions of pills to cure tension headaches in France, migraines in Germany, hangovers in Holland, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden. Naturally, after a few hours in this environment, a headache started creeping up on me. Stewart Adams, the inventor of ibuprofen, lives modestly in a compact modern house on the outskirts of Nottingham. On the sideboard in his living room there is a silver Nurofen pack, cast in metal, with the names of the first Nurofen advertisers on the back. He won an OBE for services to science in 1987, and his name is on the ibuprofen patent. But Adams has derived no great material reward from his invention no house in the country, not even a lifetime supply of painkillers. When he gets a headache, he goes to the corner shop just like the rest of us. From the article the guardian 2001 A sprightly, talkative 79, Adams came upon ibuprofen when he was working as a research scientist for Boots in the late 1950s, looking for a drug to reduce inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Looking back on his career, he says he was â€Å"very disappointed†. He had found a headache remedy that was more potent than aspirin, with fewer side-effects but he hadnt found a cure for rheumatoid arthritis. His operation was very small â€Å"a man and a boy†. Typically, his research budget was between  £4,000 and  £5,000 a year. Adams discovered that aspirin reduced the swelling caused by ultraviolet light on the skin. Working with an organic chemist called John Nicholson, he began looking for aspirin-like compounds that might have fewer side-effects on arthritic patients. â€Å"It was a bit hit and miss,† he told me. (This was long before John Vane had discovered how aspirin worked.) â€Å"We werent as clearcut in our thinking as we might have been,† said Adams. He and Nicholson looked at hundreds of chemical compounds. They put several drugs through clinical trials, testing them on arthritic patients. One drug produced a nasty rash in a large percentage of the patients; another produced a rash in a smaller, but still significant, percentage. A third, ibufenac, an acetic acid, caused jaundice. â€Å"We had to sit back and have another rethink,† said Adams. During this long process of trial and error, Adams synthesized a version of ibufenac that was not an acetic acid but a proprionic acid ie, related to propane rather than vinegar. He assumed it would be toxic but, surprisingly, it wasnt: it had a short half-life in the tissues. It was like aspirin, only you could take more of it. Adams and his colleagues began taking the compound, ibuprofen, when they got headaches. â€Å"We knew it was analgesic, because we were taking it well before it got on the market,† he says. He remembers making a speech at a conference after a few drinks the night before, having dealt with his hangover by taking 600mg of this new drug he had invented. When Boots patented ibuprofen in 1962, Adams could have had little idea what he had invented an analgesic that would compete with aspirin; a drug that, once its control had passed into the hands of the marketing men, would change the way we consume painkillers for ever. For the rest of his career, Adams continued with his efforts to find a cure for rheumatoid arthritis, without success (although ibuprofen has important uses in its treatment). Holding the original patent in his hands, Adams said, laughing, â€Å"We didnt get anything. I think, in fact, we were supposed to be given a pound for signing away our signatures, but we didnt even get that.† Now that painkillers exist in a no mans land between medicine and product, they dont need someone to prescribe them they need someone to market them. Don Williams, the man currently responsible for the design of the Nurofen pack, works in Notting Hill, west London. His office is just what youd expect minimal furnishings, varnished, blond-wood floors. In the upstairs lobby there is a shopping trolley full of products designed by his company, Packaging Innovations Global: Double Velvet loo paper, Head Shoulders shampoo, Pot Noodle and Nurofen. A former session guitarist from Middlesbrough, Williams is tall and slim, with wonderfully tasteful casual clothes and a fashionably shaved head. â€Å"Thats our philosophy,† Williams said, looking at the trolley. â€Å"Thats what we believe in. Getting things in trolleys. At the end of the day, thats what were paid for.† Packaging Innovations began designing Nurofen packs about five years ago. â€Å"There are very few brand icons that visually communicate what they actually do,† Williams said. The target design is â€Å"directly related to the brand promise†. Two years ago, the Brand Council, an advertising industry panel, named Nurofen as one of 100 British â€Å"superbrands†, one that â€Å"offers consumers significant emotional and/or physical advantage over its competitors that (consciously or subconsciously) customers want, recognize and are willing to pay a premium for†. One of Williams innovations was to place the target in the centre of the pack, with a chevron radiating out to the sides. He also wanted more of the silver foil on the packs to be visible. Consumers, he told me, are visually literate they see the pack design before they read the words. When he took over the design of Benson Hedges cigarette packs, Williams made sure that every pack was gold, even the packs containing low-tar cigarettes, which had previously been silver. â€Å"We believe that brand identities should be recognized at a distance,† he said, â€Å"even through half-closed eyes, or sub-optimal conditions, or in peripheral vision.† In supermarkets, says Williams, â€Å"We want a blocking effect on the shelf. The chevron links all the packs together, so you get a wave effect.† As I left, he said, â€Å"I get more kicks out of seeing a pack in a bin than on a shelf.† This article gives the glimpse of the Neurofen how it is produce? How it was established and how the packing of the brand was designed. So right from 1960 through the effort from the three colleagues from the boots pharmaceutical while developing the drug to the event of August 1983 where it was launched as OTC medicine under the name of the Neurofen, the process of branding had already began. The brand is owned by the Reckitt Benckiser Now the company Reckitt Benckiser, creates the question mark specially on most of us specially to common people who has atleast the knowledge about companies like Pfizer and JohnsonJohnson or say Procter and Gamble which are very much well-known for the best corporate practices and are always been active in media .where as in case of this company it is not rather, the brands which they owned has been widely accepted and has been part of our daily lives from decades long Brand like: Veet, Dettol, Clearasil, Streptsile, Gaviscon Home care like: Air wick, Mortein Fabric care: Calgon, Vanish Surface care: Lysol: Dettol: and Neurofen Most of these brands like Dettol Airwick and Mortien are well establish brand and are 1st choice of the customers when they buy it, they are whichever brand these company owns has certainly enjoyed the brand loyalty, these are the brands that are emotionally attached to the people. Now Neurofen is among the other brand which has already achieved a market leader in its segment and it is in the process to get emotionally attached to their lives. As per the latest figure (0) mentioned the,net sales was 83.5 million which was further boosted to 89.90 million in the year 2008. So there is a clear difference of around 7 and half million growth, specially in such a enviournment where business are not growing, it is very rare, also companies are not investing too much in developing their brand and this might have affected Anadin and Panadol business. Where as in case of Anadin which is owned by Wyeth the net sales in 2007 was 38.50 which dropped down in 2008 by 2.3% to 37.60 million and similar is the case of Panadol which is owned by Glaxo smith Kline where the net sales which were just 12.8 in 2007 to 13.4 growth of around 4.9 % in all. Prior to 2007 Anadin was market leader but later on the placed is replaced by the Neurofen and now it has established brand as a with sustainable growth. So what are the factor that has created this change? Is it totally phenomenal event where 1 brand dies and other replaces it? But how can Neurofen can compete with brand like Anadin who as I mentioned is owned by Wyeth which is one of the worlds leading pharmaceutical and healthcare products companies, which have skilled professional who understand the pharmaceutical business, similar is the case of Panadol whose owner Glaxo Smith Keline which are also involved in the core business of pharmaceuticals from many years. So a company which is partially related to pharmaceuticals with just few OTC products in its portfolio has become market leader in past couple years is indeed due to the fabulous branding of the product Thus how the Nurofen is different from the other brands? Is it really more effective towards the pain ?or Is it the components of the branding that is creating the space within the buyers? To understand this we need to know where the other competitors are were during the 2006 and where are they right now, what were their strategic moves? STARTING WITH ANADIN Few interesting facts: Anadin was formulated by a US dentist in 1918. Nearly 400m Anadin tablets were sold in the last year. If laid side by side they would reach from London to New York ACHIEVEMENT: Anadin is the most famous OTC brand in the UK with over 90% consumer awareness (Source: RSGB). It has mass market appeal with users of all ages from sixteen upwards. Changes in legislation in the 1990s enabled the brand to extend its product range while maintaining its position as a leading pain killer brand which delivered a range of long standing values to the consumer. Today Anadin is the second biggest selling branded analgesic in the UK and its product range is worth  £45m. History Originally launched in the US as Anacin, the brand appeared in the UK in 1932 under the Anadin name. It is owned by Wyeth and has always communicated that its key task is to defeat pain quickly. Widely respected by health care professionals and consumers alike, Anadin has used several different slogans to press home its message over the years. These range from the famous Nothing Acts Faster than Anadin slogan, which was introduced in 1955, to the recent â€Å"Headache! What Headache?† and â€Å"When only fast will do†. Anadin has successfully steered its way through the growth of Own Label products during the 1990s which resulted in many consumers switching from branded goods to retailers own lines, including health care products by innovating and providing solutions relevant to its target market. Product Anadin is one of the UKs oldest and best known oral analgesics and a firm family favorite. The original aspirin-based formula provides fast, effective relief for a wide range of everyday aches and pains including headaches, period and dental pains, as well as the symptoms of colds and flu. The range has evolved into a portfolio of six UK variants delivering pain relievers in a variety of formats comprising caplets, tablets, liquid capsules and soluble tablets. Anadin Extra, containing aspirin, Paracetamol and caffeine was launched in 1983. Its counterpart, Anadin Extra Soluble, which was unveiled in 1992, is ideal for those finding tablets difficult to swallow. The formula is more readily absorbed into the bloodstream enabling it to act faster. In 1988, Wyeth launched Anadin Paracetamol, a formulation suitable for children from the age of six, which is designed to reduce temperature and is therefore especially beneficial in the treatment of feverish colds and flu. In 1997, Anadin Ibu profen was introduced. Coated for easy swallowing, it is formulated to relieve rheumatic or muscular pain, backache and period pain whilst actively reducing inflammation. Recent developments The last three years have witnessed continuing innovation. As a result of the launch of Anadin Ultra in September 1999, sales grew at a double-digit rate. Anadin Ultra contains an ibuprofen solution in an easy to swallow, soft gelatin capsule allowing it to be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, combating pain more than twice as fast as tablets. In a move to benefit consumers and trade, the entire range received a new look in July 2002. Key features included a new embossed Anadin logo which reflects a more modern and dynamic image. In addition, Anadin Ultra and Extra packs were foiled to differentiate these variants as the most premium within the range. The effect of these changes has added branding consistency across the entire product range, ensuring stronger impact when the variants are grouped together. This improved on-shelf stand-out conveys to consumers that in an increasingly competitive market, Anadin offers a range of premium quality products. For consumers, the new design aims to take the pain out of choosing a painkiller while communicating the modernity of the brand. Key indicators on the front of packs encourage analgesic users to identify the best product for their specific type of pain. Additionally, the use of consumer friendly language on the back of packs and on information leaflets further simplifies product selection and usage. Careline details are also included on packs, allowing consumers to receive further advice and guidance about the range. Promotion Anadins familiar logo is synonymous with its brief to tackle everyday aches and pains swiftly and effectively since its launch more than 70 years ago. It is important for the brand to be at the forefront of product development and to inform the public about the benefits these products can bring. Therefore, advertising is key to Anadins promotional strategy. In September 2002 it launched a terrestrial and satellite television campaign for Anadin Ultra. The campaign avoided the scientific angle taken by some other brands and opted for a humorous, slice-of-life approach featuring the Twice as Fast strapline with the consumer message that Anadin Ultras liquid ibuprofen capsules could hit pain more than twice as fast as their tablet equivalent. The Bus Stop creative focuses on a typical British scene †¹ a bus queue. The woman at the front of the queue announces, â€Å"Its gone!† leaving everyone to assume she means the bus. Confus Relationship Between Customer Perception and Branding Relationship Between Customer Perception and Branding ABSTRACT: Purpose: This paper will try to establish a relationship between the perception build within the users through the process of the branding irrespective of the core use ability, and thus trying to prove the importance of branding which has become the modern tool for doing the business METHODOLOGY The basic questionnaire was designed and were distributed to the users who spend atleast the minimum amount on the above three product, the target of 70 was set order to get rid of the errors like miscommunication, unfilled sets etc and thus of 70, 38 did answer the questionnaire properly which were further tabulated and concluded FINDINGS What I was expecting that Neurofen would appear as a most effective in its class of product but, rather Anadin leads in term of effectiveness but still the sales figure shows that Neurofen is market leader. So this might be the sheer effect of the branding which Neurofen has adopted, thus despite a little bit weak in its performance as per the survey its branding is excellent far better than other two products. LIMITATION Due to the limitation of the time the primary research was conducted on time scale of around 17 days, so I was able to cover 38 users which is more than half as compared to the 70 which were targeted. Executive summary: Well the basic aim of the dissertation is to show how the perception is built among the users for a particular brand irrespective of the effectiveness. Thus also I will try to explain the UK market for the over the counter products and try to analyze the top three brands, where I will be dealing with process of branding in respect to these three brand The dissertation initially will deal with general introduction where we will be able to understand the what is the over the counter products are, who are brands that leads the market, then I will be dealing with each brand with brief description of their portfolio, this will certainly give the clearer picture of the brands in whole. Followed by this I will give the brief description of the primary research where in I will investigate the effectiveness of the brand irrespective of the brand position and we expect Neurofen to be the most effective as per the market position, and thus relating the findings to the process of the branding and ultimately to the sales figure In order to make the data understanding more easy there has been use of graphs and the few of the pie chart which gives the more precise picture of the situation. Thus dissertation will end up with few of the interesting figures their analysis vs. the actual scenario GENERAL INTRODUCTION: Until 1960s and 1970s, painkillers were kept in a glass bottle in the bathroom medicine cabinet. When you had a headache, you would wait until you got home and then open the dusty bottle and shake out two pills: round, powdery discs with bevelled edges and a bisect line a groove cut into the pill so that you could snap it in half for a reduced dose. Youd swallow the pills, either aspirin or Paracetamol, with a glass of water. They felt uncomfortably large in the throat and had a bitter taste. The bottle, which contained 50 pills, hung around for months, even years. Now, when we feel a headache coming on, we pat our pockets to see if we have any painkillers with us. The time between pain and treatment has shrunk to almost nothing. These days, the pills do not come in bottles, but in blister-packs in bright, shiny boxes. When I leave the house, I sometimes run through a checklist keys, wallet, phone painkillers. The packets, some of which are plastic and shaped like mobile phones, are cheerful and glossy; elegant enough to put on a table in a restaurant, they look like lifestyle accessories. You take them with you when you leave the house, partly for convenience and partly because you know that, if you leave them lying around, someone else will pocket them. Painkillers are no longer hard to swallow; the pills have smooth edges, and some have a glossy coating of hard sugar, like Smarties or MMs. Some of them are mint- or lemon-flavored. If your throat objects to tablets, you can take caplets, which are longer and thinner, or â€Å"liquid capsules†, which are soft and gelatinous, like vitamin pills, or powder, which is poured from a sachet into a glass of water. You could conceivably take a painkiller while you were out jogging, or running for the bus. Painkillers are also more widely available than they used to be. We have been able to buy aspirin and paracetamol over the counter for some time now, but in 1996 restrictions on the sale of ibuprofen the newest, raciest painkiller were relaxed, making it available in supermarkets, newsagents and corner shops, as well as from the pharmacist. This was part of an NHS drive to save money by taking pressure off doctors and pharmacists; during my stay in London, we have been taught to be self-medicating when it comes to pain. The change came about after Galpharm, a British pharmaceutical company, made a successful application to the Medicines Control Agency for a license to have ibuprofen moved from the pharmacy to the â€Å"general sales list†. After that, painkiller advertising, marketing and packaging moved into a different league. Inevitably, we are also spending more on painkillers than ever. Id buy them as a matter of course, with my groceries. We now a days found wanting to buy smart painkillers, in the same way that I might buy smart jeans or decent coffee. For me, and for many people I spoke to(co-employee), the temptation is to catch headaches early, nip them in the bud. We have become enthusiastic self-medicators. In 1997, according to the market research firm Euro monitor, the British painkiller market was worth  £309m. In 2001, it was worth  £398m. In other words, it grew by almost 30% in just four years, probably the biggest hike since the German company Bayer opened the first US aspirin factory in 1903. Euro monitor predicts more growth: by 2006, it estimates that the market will be worth  £483m, and by now it has already crossed  £600 figure. Recently, I found myself in someones (college friend) house with a slight headache. No problem, he said. He had stocked up on painkillers he thought he had four packets, a total of 48 pills. But he couldnt find them; the packets had all gone. Three people (room mates working in Mac Donald) were living in the house. â€Å"I just bought them a couple of days ago,† he said. This is what makes me more querious that how this tiny stuff has entrenched in our lives. As per my finding from the local corner shops An ordinary shop, you can buy three basic types of painkiller The one which contains aspirin, which has been around for a century; or either has paracetamol, which emerged as a popular alternative after the war; and from past couple of decades they contain basically ibuprofen, which was invented in the early 1960s and has been a pharmacy medicine since 1983. Ibuprofen is slightly gentler on our stomach than aspirin, but it does not thin our blood to the same extent. Aspirin and ibuprofen reduce pain, fever and inflammation, while paracetamol reduces only pain and fever. Paracetamol is gentle on the stomach, but can damage the liver if you take too many. Paracetamol is also the suicide drug; you can die a painful death by knocking back as few as 25. (For this reason, the government has taken steps to reduce packet sizes; since 1998, you have been able to buy packets of no more than 16 in supermarkets, or 32 in pharmacies though there is nothing to stop you from going to more than one shop. The multibillion-dollar paracetamol industry in the US has thus far resisted all attempts by the Food and Drug Administration to reduce packet size.) Aspirin and ibuprofen are potentially less harmful: most people would survive a cry-for-help dose of around 50 aspirins, or even 100 ibuprofen tablets. When it comes to headaches, ibuprofen is my drug of choice. (Im not alone: according to Euromonitor, ibuprofen now has 31% of the market, and is growing exponentially. Aspirin has a 7% share, and paracetamol 13%; the rest of the market is made up of combination painkillers.) I also, I have noticed, have strong brand loyalty. When I go to the supermarket, my eye is drawn to the row of shiny silver packs with a chevron and a target design Nurofen. Nurofen claims to be â€Å"targeted pain relief†. I am highly influenced by the advert of the car racing and the way the tablet they have shown as bullet acting on the pain. Targeting a headache costs me around 20p a shot. On one level, I am aware that the active ingredient in a single Nurofen tablet, 200mg of ibuprofen, is exactly the same as that in a single Anadin ibuprofen tablet, or an Anadin Ultra, a Hedex ibuprofen, a Cuprofen or, for that matter, a generic own-brand ibuprofen tablet from Safeway, Sainsburys or Tesco. On another level, Nurofens targeting promise appeals to me. It feels hi-tech(Remember about car advert), almost environmentally sound. It makes me think of stealth bombers dropping smart bombs down the chimney of the building they want to destroy, with minimum collateral damage. Are our headaches getting worse, or do we just think they are? I went to see DrVajpayee My GP, a consultant in pain management, in his office at Brigstock medical service in Thornton heath, to find out what he thought. Dr Vajpayee offers his service through NHS Dr Vajpayee believes that our society tolerates less pain than ever before. Modern life requires you to be pain-free; there just isnt time to lie around waiting for a headache to go. Young people are more impatient than older people; when they feel pain, they want something done about it, immediately. Generally speaking, the younger the consumer, the stronger the painkiller they are marketed: Anadin Original is pitched at people over 45, Anadin Extra at people between 25 and 55, and Anadin Ultra at people between 19 and 32. Of course, there is a limit to this sliding scale: Nurofen for Children (six months and over) contains 100mg of Nurofen, half the adult dose. Is any of this surprising? We live in an age of quick fixes. These days, we expect everything to get faster cars, lifts, food. When we suffer psychological distress, we take Prozac and Seroxat. More people are having their wisdom teeth extracted under general anesthetic. Caesarean section is on the increase. Half a century of the NHS has softened us up, and the sheer success of modern medicine has made pain something of an anomaly. We work out, we take vitamins: we cant really be doing with headaches. We see pain not as a symptom an alarm system to warn us of illness but more as an illness in itself. When the alarm comes on, we just want it turned off. Look at the ads on TV, and on buses and trains in any major city: painkillers will get you back to work, help you keep your job, deal with the kids; with painkillers, you can cope. I had a slight hangover the day I visited Vajpayee, which seemed to be getting worse. Id nearly missed my train, and found myself repeatedly clenching my jaw in the taxi. Id planned to buy some Nurofen before I got on the train, but had run out of time. Dr Vajpayee explained the anatomy of my headache. The alcohol We drink does dehydrates the inside of our skull. Consequently, the Dura, the Cellophane-like membrane that encases our brain, has no longer fully supported. Cells inside our skull were gets traumatized, and had responds by releasing tiny amounts of Arachidonic acid; this acid, having seeped out by our cell after we drink ,later this acid turns into a set of chemical compounds called prostaglandins. And these prostaglandins hurt us; they tell nerve endings in our head to tell our brain that my cells were traumatized. Our brain, in turn, does try to get our attention, and succeeds. And this process of our brain to communicate that there is some defect in our system the process is called pain. It felt as if something inside my head was being gently pulled away from my skull, which it was. When you take aspirin, or paracetamol, or ibuprofen, the drug works by deactivating a chemical called prostaglandin H synthetase, the catalyst that turns Arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. So even though your cells are still traumatized, your brain is no longer aware of the trauma. Your brain is being fooled. This process was discovered in aspirin in the 1970s by John Vane, a scientist working at the Welcome Foundation, who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1982. (Aspirin was first synthesized in Germany in 1899, and so had been on the market for more than 70 years before anybody knew how it worked.) â€Å"Pain,† said Vajpayee, â€Å"is what the patient says it is.† All sorts of things can make you feel headachey, including muscle contractions on the scalp or the back of the neck, dehydration from drinking too much alcohol or caffeine, staring at your computer screen for too long, looking at bright lights, colds and flu, grinding your teeth, anxiety at the prospect of getting a headache. Sometimes, prostaglandins are produced when there is no apparent trauma. You might feel pain because something has subtly altered the balance of your brain chemistry, or simply because your mood has changed; you might be producing an uneven amount of serotonin or dopamine. You might, most worryingly, have a headache because you take too many painkillers, a condition known as â€Å"medication overuse headache†. A study published in the British Medical Journal last October found that â€Å"daily or near-daily headache is at epidemic levels, affecting up to 5% of some populations, and chronic overuse of headache drugs may account for half of this phenomenon†. Low doses daily appeared to carry greater risks than larger doses weekly. Of course, most pharmaceutical research is sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, which are understandably reluctant to explore the negatives. But what research there is suggests that analgesics, when used frequently, chronically reduce levels of serotonin, and increase levels of pain-signalling molecules. Earlier this year, the New York Times reported that a German study had found that even a two-week course of Tylenol (an American brand of paracetamol) â€Å"causes a drop in serotonin-receptor density in rat brains†, an effect that is reversed when the rats are taken off the painkillers. If you keep fooling your brain into not feeling pain, your body will eventually fight back and make you feel more pain. And then youll want more painkillers; its a vicious circle. Imagine this as a business proposition. You buy a cardboard tub of fluffy white powder for around  £100. Then you turn the powder into a quarter of a million pills, which you sell at 10p per pill. Every cardboard tub you buy makes you a profit of  £24,900. The powder is pure ibuprofen. The pills are painkillers. The company is Boots, which owns a subsidiary called Crookes Healthcare, which manufactures Nurofen. Sounds good, doesnt it? Of course, there are overheads you have to invent the drug, spend years on expensive clinical trials, build a factory, and hire people to make the pills, tell the public about the pills, and design the packs so they look attractive on the shelves. From the store manager of East Croydon boots pharmacy and article from Google, Boots corporate responsibility. â€Å"It takes 10 years and  £200m to get a new drug accepted,† said Dr Jagdish Acharya, a senior medical adviser to Boots(From the store manager of East Croydon.) Boots head office, and the factory that makes many of its painkillers, are on a campus that lies a few miles outside Nottingham. Every day, trucks full of raw ingredients arrive at one end of the factory, and trucks leave the other end with the finished product tens of thousands of cardboard packs, destined for 90 countries. This is D-95, one of the biggest painkiller factories in Britain, working 24 hours a day. If youve ever popped a Nurofen tablet, or a Nurofen tablet, or a Nurofen Plus, or a Nurofen liquid capsule, or a Boots own-brand generic ibuprofen tablet (the active ingredient is the same), or a Boots own-brand aspirin or Paracetamol tablet, the pill you swallowed will have been made here. â€Å"Six hundred people work here,† as per Catherine McGrath, who is working there as â€Å"shift manager, analgesics†. She explained that the factory works seasonally, making cold remedies in the autumn to meet winter demand, and hay fever remedies in the spring. Headaches are a year-round phenomenon. â€Å"Theres a constant demand for painkillers,† McGrath Before the fluffy white powder becomes a hard, glossy pill, it must go through many different stages. First, it is mixed with â€Å"excipients†, ingredients that have no painkilling role. Each Nurofen pill, for instance, contains 200mg of ibuprofen, but also maize starch, sucrose, calcium Sulphate, Stearic acid and shellac. These things hold it together, bulk it out, make it taste nice and help it disintegrate when it reaches the stomach. The factory is large and sterile, like a setting in a JG Ballard novel big, barn-like spaces, dull, neutral colours, large rooms full of vats. The thing that gets you is the scale. This is about making millions and millions of pills to cure tension headaches in France, migraines in Germany, hangovers in Holland, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden. Naturally, after a few hours in this environment, a headache started creeping up on me. Stewart Adams, the inventor of ibuprofen, lives modestly in a compact modern house on the outskirts of Nottingham. On the sideboard in his living room there is a silver Nurofen pack, cast in metal, with the names of the first Nurofen advertisers on the back. He won an OBE for services to science in 1987, and his name is on the ibuprofen patent. But Adams has derived no great material reward from his invention no house in the country, not even a lifetime supply of painkillers. When he gets a headache, he goes to the corner shop just like the rest of us. From the article the guardian 2001 A sprightly, talkative 79, Adams came upon ibuprofen when he was working as a research scientist for Boots in the late 1950s, looking for a drug to reduce inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Looking back on his career, he says he was â€Å"very disappointed†. He had found a headache remedy that was more potent than aspirin, with fewer side-effects but he hadnt found a cure for rheumatoid arthritis. His operation was very small â€Å"a man and a boy†. Typically, his research budget was between  £4,000 and  £5,000 a year. Adams discovered that aspirin reduced the swelling caused by ultraviolet light on the skin. Working with an organic chemist called John Nicholson, he began looking for aspirin-like compounds that might have fewer side-effects on arthritic patients. â€Å"It was a bit hit and miss,† he told me. (This was long before John Vane had discovered how aspirin worked.) â€Å"We werent as clearcut in our thinking as we might have been,† said Adams. He and Nicholson looked at hundreds of chemical compounds. They put several drugs through clinical trials, testing them on arthritic patients. One drug produced a nasty rash in a large percentage of the patients; another produced a rash in a smaller, but still significant, percentage. A third, ibufenac, an acetic acid, caused jaundice. â€Å"We had to sit back and have another rethink,† said Adams. During this long process of trial and error, Adams synthesized a version of ibufenac that was not an acetic acid but a proprionic acid ie, related to propane rather than vinegar. He assumed it would be toxic but, surprisingly, it wasnt: it had a short half-life in the tissues. It was like aspirin, only you could take more of it. Adams and his colleagues began taking the compound, ibuprofen, when they got headaches. â€Å"We knew it was analgesic, because we were taking it well before it got on the market,† he says. He remembers making a speech at a conference after a few drinks the night before, having dealt with his hangover by taking 600mg of this new drug he had invented. When Boots patented ibuprofen in 1962, Adams could have had little idea what he had invented an analgesic that would compete with aspirin; a drug that, once its control had passed into the hands of the marketing men, would change the way we consume painkillers for ever. For the rest of his career, Adams continued with his efforts to find a cure for rheumatoid arthritis, without success (although ibuprofen has important uses in its treatment). Holding the original patent in his hands, Adams said, laughing, â€Å"We didnt get anything. I think, in fact, we were supposed to be given a pound for signing away our signatures, but we didnt even get that.† Now that painkillers exist in a no mans land between medicine and product, they dont need someone to prescribe them they need someone to market them. Don Williams, the man currently responsible for the design of the Nurofen pack, works in Notting Hill, west London. His office is just what youd expect minimal furnishings, varnished, blond-wood floors. In the upstairs lobby there is a shopping trolley full of products designed by his company, Packaging Innovations Global: Double Velvet loo paper, Head Shoulders shampoo, Pot Noodle and Nurofen. A former session guitarist from Middlesbrough, Williams is tall and slim, with wonderfully tasteful casual clothes and a fashionably shaved head. â€Å"Thats our philosophy,† Williams said, looking at the trolley. â€Å"Thats what we believe in. Getting things in trolleys. At the end of the day, thats what were paid for.† Packaging Innovations began designing Nurofen packs about five years ago. â€Å"There are very few brand icons that visually communicate what they actually do,† Williams said. The target design is â€Å"directly related to the brand promise†. Two years ago, the Brand Council, an advertising industry panel, named Nurofen as one of 100 British â€Å"superbrands†, one that â€Å"offers consumers significant emotional and/or physical advantage over its competitors that (consciously or subconsciously) customers want, recognize and are willing to pay a premium for†. One of Williams innovations was to place the target in the centre of the pack, with a chevron radiating out to the sides. He also wanted more of the silver foil on the packs to be visible. Consumers, he told me, are visually literate they see the pack design before they read the words. When he took over the design of Benson Hedges cigarette packs, Williams made sure that every pack was gold, even the packs containing low-tar cigarettes, which had previously been silver. â€Å"We believe that brand identities should be recognized at a distance,† he said, â€Å"even through half-closed eyes, or sub-optimal conditions, or in peripheral vision.† In supermarkets, says Williams, â€Å"We want a blocking effect on the shelf. The chevron links all the packs together, so you get a wave effect.† As I left, he said, â€Å"I get more kicks out of seeing a pack in a bin than on a shelf.† This article gives the glimpse of the Neurofen how it is produce? How it was established and how the packing of the brand was designed. So right from 1960 through the effort from the three colleagues from the boots pharmaceutical while developing the drug to the event of August 1983 where it was launched as OTC medicine under the name of the Neurofen, the process of branding had already began. The brand is owned by the Reckitt Benckiser Now the company Reckitt Benckiser, creates the question mark specially on most of us specially to common people who has atleast the knowledge about companies like Pfizer and JohnsonJohnson or say Procter and Gamble which are very much well-known for the best corporate practices and are always been active in media .where as in case of this company it is not rather, the brands which they owned has been widely accepted and has been part of our daily lives from decades long Brand like: Veet, Dettol, Clearasil, Streptsile, Gaviscon Home care like: Air wick, Mortein Fabric care: Calgon, Vanish Surface care: Lysol: Dettol: and Neurofen Most of these brands like Dettol Airwick and Mortien are well establish brand and are 1st choice of the customers when they buy it, they are whichever brand these company owns has certainly enjoyed the brand loyalty, these are the brands that are emotionally attached to the people. Now Neurofen is among the other brand which has already achieved a market leader in its segment and it is in the process to get emotionally attached to their lives. As per the latest figure (0) mentioned the,net sales was 83.5 million which was further boosted to 89.90 million in the year 2008. So there is a clear difference of around 7 and half million growth, specially in such a enviournment where business are not growing, it is very rare, also companies are not investing too much in developing their brand and this might have affected Anadin and Panadol business. Where as in case of Anadin which is owned by Wyeth the net sales in 2007 was 38.50 which dropped down in 2008 by 2.3% to 37.60 million and similar is the case of Panadol which is owned by Glaxo smith Kline where the net sales which were just 12.8 in 2007 to 13.4 growth of around 4.9 % in all. Prior to 2007 Anadin was market leader but later on the placed is replaced by the Neurofen and now it has established brand as a with sustainable growth. So what are the factor that has created this change? Is it totally phenomenal event where 1 brand dies and other replaces it? But how can Neurofen can compete with brand like Anadin who as I mentioned is owned by Wyeth which is one of the worlds leading pharmaceutical and healthcare products companies, which have skilled professional who understand the pharmaceutical business, similar is the case of Panadol whose owner Glaxo Smith Keline which are also involved in the core business of pharmaceuticals from many years. So a company which is partially related to pharmaceuticals with just few OTC products in its portfolio has become market leader in past couple years is indeed due to the fabulous branding of the product Thus how the Nurofen is different from the other brands? Is it really more effective towards the pain ?or Is it the components of the branding that is creating the space within the buyers? To understand this we need to know where the other competitors are were during the 2006 and where are they right now, what were their strategic moves? STARTING WITH ANADIN Few interesting facts: Anadin was formulated by a US dentist in 1918. Nearly 400m Anadin tablets were sold in the last year. If laid side by side they would reach from London to New York ACHIEVEMENT: Anadin is the most famous OTC brand in the UK with over 90% consumer awareness (Source: RSGB). It has mass market appeal with users of all ages from sixteen upwards. Changes in legislation in the 1990s enabled the brand to extend its product range while maintaining its position as a leading pain killer brand which delivered a range of long standing values to the consumer. Today Anadin is the second biggest selling branded analgesic in the UK and its product range is worth  £45m. History Originally launched in the US as Anacin, the brand appeared in the UK in 1932 under the Anadin name. It is owned by Wyeth and has always communicated that its key task is to defeat pain quickly. Widely respected by health care professionals and consumers alike, Anadin has used several different slogans to press home its message over the years. These range from the famous Nothing Acts Faster than Anadin slogan, which was introduced in 1955, to the recent â€Å"Headache! What Headache?† and â€Å"When only fast will do†. Anadin has successfully steered its way through the growth of Own Label products during the 1990s which resulted in many consumers switching from branded goods to retailers own lines, including health care products by innovating and providing solutions relevant to its target market. Product Anadin is one of the UKs oldest and best known oral analgesics and a firm family favorite. The original aspirin-based formula provides fast, effective relief for a wide range of everyday aches and pains including headaches, period and dental pains, as well as the symptoms of colds and flu. The range has evolved into a portfolio of six UK variants delivering pain relievers in a variety of formats comprising caplets, tablets, liquid capsules and soluble tablets. Anadin Extra, containing aspirin, Paracetamol and caffeine was launched in 1983. Its counterpart, Anadin Extra Soluble, which was unveiled in 1992, is ideal for those finding tablets difficult to swallow. The formula is more readily absorbed into the bloodstream enabling it to act faster. In 1988, Wyeth launched Anadin Paracetamol, a formulation suitable for children from the age of six, which is designed to reduce temperature and is therefore especially beneficial in the treatment of feverish colds and flu. In 1997, Anadin Ibu profen was introduced. Coated for easy swallowing, it is formulated to relieve rheumatic or muscular pain, backache and period pain whilst actively reducing inflammation. Recent developments The last three years have witnessed continuing innovation. As a result of the launch of Anadin Ultra in September 1999, sales grew at a double-digit rate. Anadin Ultra contains an ibuprofen solution in an easy to swallow, soft gelatin capsule allowing it to be rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, combating pain more than twice as fast as tablets. In a move to benefit consumers and trade, the entire range received a new look in July 2002. Key features included a new embossed Anadin logo which reflects a more modern and dynamic image. In addition, Anadin Ultra and Extra packs were foiled to differentiate these variants as the most premium within the range. The effect of these changes has added branding consistency across the entire product range, ensuring stronger impact when the variants are grouped together. This improved on-shelf stand-out conveys to consumers that in an increasingly competitive market, Anadin offers a range of premium quality products. For consumers, the new design aims to take the pain out of choosing a painkiller while communicating the modernity of the brand. Key indicators on the front of packs encourage analgesic users to identify the best product for their specific type of pain. Additionally, the use of consumer friendly language on the back of packs and on information leaflets further simplifies product selection and usage. Careline details are also included on packs, allowing consumers to receive further advice and guidance about the range. Promotion Anadins familiar logo is synonymous with its brief to tackle everyday aches and pains swiftly and effectively since its launch more than 70 years ago. It is important for the brand to be at the forefront of product development and to inform the public about the benefits these products can bring. Therefore, advertising is key to Anadins promotional strategy. In September 2002 it launched a terrestrial and satellite television campaign for Anadin Ultra. The campaign avoided the scientific angle taken by some other brands and opted for a humorous, slice-of-life approach featuring the Twice as Fast strapline with the consumer message that Anadin Ultras liquid ibuprofen capsules could hit pain more than twice as fast as their tablet equivalent. The Bus Stop creative focuses on a typical British scene †¹ a bus queue. The woman at the front of the queue announces, â€Å"Its gone!† leaving everyone to assume she means the bus. Confus